Editing Newcomen atmospheric engine (section)

===Denis Papin's experimental steam cylinder and piston===
[[Louis Figuier]] in his monumental work<ref>Figuier, Louis "Merveilles de la science" Furne Jouvet et Cie, Paris 1868. Vol 1, pp. 53,54</ref> gives a full quotation of [[Denis Papin]]'s paper published in 1690 in ''Acta eruditorum'' at Leipzig, entitled ''"Nouvelle méthode pour obtenir à bas prix des forces considérables"'' (A new method for cheaply obtaining considerable forces). It seems that the idea came to Papin whilst working with [[Robert Boyle]] at the [[Royal Society]] in London. Papin describes first pouring a small quantity of water into the bottom of a vertical cylinder, inserting a piston on a rod and after first evacuating the air below the piston, placing a fire beneath the cylinder to boil the water away and create enough steam pressure to raise the piston to the top end of the cylinder. The piston was then temporarily locked in the upper position by a spring catch engaging a notch in the rod. The fire was then removed, allowing the cylinder to cool, which condensed steam back into water, thus creating a vacuum beneath the piston. To the end of the piston rod was attached a cord passing over two pulleys and a weight hung down from the cord's end. Upon releasing the catch, the piston was sharply drawn down to the bottom of the cylinder by the pressure differential between the atmosphere and the created vacuum; enough force was thus generated to raise a {{convert|60|lb|kg|abbr=on}} weight. "Several of his papers were put before the Royal Society between 1707 and 1712 [including] a description of his 1690 atmospheric steam engine, similar to that built and [subsequently] put into use by Thomas Newcomen in 1712."<ref>Per [[Denis Papin]], accessed 2023-01-07.</ref>