Editing Newcastle upon Tyne (section)

===Anglo-Saxon and Norman eras===
After the [[End of Roman rule in Britain|Roman departure from Britain]], completed in 410, Newcastle became part of the powerful [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] kingdom of [[Northumbria]], and was known throughout this period as ''Munucceaster'' (sometimes modernised as ''Monkchester'').<ref name=Monkchester>{{cite web | last = Mackenzie | first = Eneas | title = ''Historical Account of Newcastle-upon-Tyne'' | website = british-history.ac.uk | year = 1827 | url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43318 | access-date = 24 November 2008}}</ref>

Conflicts with the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]] in 876 left the settlements along the River Tyne in ruins.<ref name="ncl.ac.uk"/> After the conflicts with the Danes, and following the [[Rebellion of 1088|1088 rebellion]] against the Normans, Monkchester was all but destroyed by [[Odo of Bayeux]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morpethherald.co.uk/news/the-war-and-bloodshed-of-our-historic-baronial-families-1-5680039|title=The war and bloodshed of our historic Baronial families|date=19 May 2013|publisher=Morpeth Herald|access-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232125/https://www.morpethherald.co.uk/news/the-war-and-bloodshed-of-our-historic-baronial-families-1-5680039|archive-date=25 March 2018}}</ref>

Because of its strategic position, [[Robert Curthose]], son of [[William I of England|William the Conqueror]], erected a wooden [[The Castle, Newcastle|castle]] there in the year 1080.<ref name="ncl.ac.uk"/> The town was henceforth known as ''Novum Castellum'' or ''New Castle''.<ref name="ncl.ac.uk"/> The wooden structure was replaced by a stone castle in 1087.<ref name="ncl.ac.uk">{{cite web|last=Dodds |first=Graham |title=Origins of (the) New Castle upon Tyne |publisher=Newcastle University |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/exhibitions/current-and-past-exhibitions/so/castle.php |access-date=18 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141841/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/exhibitions/current-and-past-exhibitions/so/castle.php |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> The castle was rebuilt again in 1172 during the reign of Henry II. Much of the keep which can be seen in the city today dates from this period.<ref name="ncl.ac.uk"/>