Editing New Zealand literature (section)

===Maoriland movement: 1870–1914===
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, New Zealand nationalism began to emerge, with Pākehā writers adopting Māori stories and mythology. The term "Maoriland", proposed and often used as an alternative name for New Zealand around this time, became the centre of a literary movement in which colonialist writers were inspired by and adopted Māori traditions and legends.{{sfn|Stafford|Williams|2006|p=10}}<ref name="Cultural">{{cite web |last1=Phillips |first1=Jock |title=Cultural nationalism, 1890 to 1910 – Story: Arts and the nation |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/arts-and-the-nation/page-2 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=16 February 2021 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921201951/https://teara.govt.nz/en/arts-and-the-nation/page-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ray">{{cite news |last1=Ray |first1=William |title=Māoriland: New Zealand's forgotten name |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/432750/maoriland-new-zealand-s-forgotten-name |access-date=16 February 2021 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=16 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216014948/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/432750/maoriland-new-zealand-s-forgotten-name |url-status=live }}</ref> They were encouraged by a widespread belief among settlers that the Māori were a dying race who would not survive contact with Europeans.<ref name="Ray"/> Māori themselves were not creators or proponents of Maoriland work.{{sfn|Stafford|Williams|2012|p=17}}

For example, [[Thomas Bracken|Thomas Bracken's]] book ''Musings in Maoriland'' included the poem "New Zealand Hymn", which later became the New Zealand national anthem under the title "[[God Defend New Zealand]]".<ref name="Ray"/> Bracken and other poets such as [[Jessie Mackay]] and [[Arthur Henry Adams]] published poems about the Māori [[rangatira]] (chief) [[Te Rauparaha]], while [[Alfred Augustus Grace|Alfred Grace]], [[Jessie Weston (writer)|Jessie Weston]], and others wrote fictional short stories and novels with Māori themes.<ref name="Cultural"/> New Zealand's fourth premier, [[Alfred Domett]], wrote an epic poem, ''Ranolf and Amohia: A South-Sea Day-Dream'' (1872), which was over 100,000 words long and described a romance between a shipwrecked European man and a Māori woman.<ref name="Ray"/> In 1901, [[William Arthur Satchell|William Satchell]] launched a magazine called ''The Maorilander'', and the leftwing labour journal [[Maoriland Worker|''The Maoriland Worker'']] ran from 1910 to 1924.{{sfn|Stafford|Williams|2006|p=11}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Maoriland Worker |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/maoriland-worker |via=Papers Past |publisher=National Library of New Zealand |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> 

Colonial romances were popular, for example the works of [[Louisa Alice Baker|Louisa Baker]], [[Ellen Elizabeth Ellis|Ellen Ellis]], [[Edith Searle Grossmann]] and others,<ref name="Romance">{{cite web |last1=Wevers |first1=Lydia |title=Romance, Māori and pioneer fiction, 1880s to 1910s – Story: Fiction |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/fiction/page-2 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=16 February 2021 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603045647/https://teara.govt.nz/en/fiction/page-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> as were books about the [[New Zealand Wars]] were popular subject, typified by ''The Rebel Chief: A Romance of New Zealand'' (1896), by [[Hume Nisbet]]. The popular English children's author [[G. A. Henty]] wrote ''Maori and Settler: A Tale of the New Zealand Wars'' (1890). [[Lady Barker]] wrote two books about life in New Zealand; ''Station Life in New Zealand'' (1870) and ''Station Amusements in New Zealand'' (1873), and her husband [[Frederick Broome]] wrote ''Poems from New Zealand'' (1868).  

Maoriland culture was artificial and grounded in romance rather than reality; as academics [[Jane Stafford (New Zealand professor)|Jane Stafford]] and [[Mark Williams (writer)|Mark Williams]] have said, "Maoriland signifies an effort to deny the real presence of Maori in New Zealand in favour of a mythologised or decorative presence".{{sfn|Stafford|Williams|2006|p=20}} For this reason, the term is now seen as archaic and colonial.{{sfn|Stafford|Williams|2006|p=10}} By the time of the [[First World War]], apart from a few individuals such as [[James Cowan (New Zealand writer)|James Cowan]] and [[Rudall Hayward]], the movement had largely ended.<ref name="Cultural"/> The term has been adopted in current times by the [[Māoriland Film Festival]], an organisation in [[Ōtaki, New Zealand|Ōtaki]] that promotes indigenous storytelling on screen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=Māoriland festival to highlight Aotearoa's 'blossoming' film industry|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/kahu/maoriland-festival-to-highlight-aotearoas-blossoming-film-industry/TPPSKRNQ2FF6KYYN24AEOC2WC4/|access-date=29 September 2021|website=[[New Zealand Herald]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2016|title=Maoriland Film Festival|url=https://asianfilmfestivals.com/maoriland-film-festival/|access-date=29 September 2021|website=Asian Film Festivals|language=en}}</ref>