Editing New Zealand Labour Party (section)

=== Formation (1901–1916) ===
{{formation of New Zealand Labour Party}}
At the turn of the 20th century, the radical side of New Zealand [[working class]] politics was represented by the [[New Zealand Socialist Party|Socialist Party]], founded in 1901. The more moderate leftists generally supported the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].{{sfn|Gustafson|1980|pp=13f}} In 1905 a group of working-class politicians who were dissatisfied with the Liberal approach established the [[Independent Political Labour League]] (IPLL),{{sfn|Gustafson|1980|pp=17f}} which managed to win a seat in Parliament in the {{NZ election link|1908}}.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=216}}{{sfn|Gustafson|1980|p=19}} At the same time, moderates contested as "[[Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)|Lib-Lab]]" candidates, aligning with the Liberal Party while enjoying the endorsement of the labour movement.{{sfn|Gustafson|1980|p=80}} This established the basic dividing line in New Zealand's left-wing politics – the Socialists/IPLL tended to be revolutionary and militant, while the moderates focused instead on progressive reform.<ref name="McLintock1966"/> The process of unifying these sides into a single party was difficult, with tensions between different factions running strong.{{sfn|Gustafson|1980|p=13}}

In 1910 the Independent Political Labour League was relaunched as an organisation called the [[New Zealand Labour Party (1910)|Labour Party]] (distinct from the modern party). Soon, however, the leaders of the new organisation decided that additional effort was needed to promote left-wing cooperation, and organised a [[Labour Unity Conferences#The 1912 conference|"Unity Conference"]]. The Socialists refused to attend, but several independent labour activists agreed. The [[United Labour Party (New Zealand)|United Labour Party]] (ULP) was born.<ref name="McLintock1966">{{cite book |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/political-parties/page-8 |title= An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |chapter=Labour Party |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |editor-first=A. H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link= Alexander Hare McLintock |access-date=15 July 2015 |orig-year=First published in 1966 |date= 22 April 2009|title-link=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand }}</ref>

Soon afterward, the labour movement went through the 1912 [[Waihi miners' strike]], a major industrial disturbance prompted by radicals in the union movement.<ref name="Black Tuesday">{{cite web|title= 'Black Tuesday' – The 1912 Waihi strike|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/black-tuesday/the-1912-waihi-strike|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=19 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The movement split over supporting or opposing the radicals, and in the end, the conservative [[Reform Party (New Zealand)|Reform Party]] government of [[William Massey]] suppressed the strike by force. In the strike's aftermath, there was a major drive to end the divisions in the labour movement and to establish a united front. Accordingly, [[Walter Thomas Mills]] organised another [[Labour Unity Conferences#The 1913 conference|Unity Conference]], and this time the Socialists attended.<ref name="Black Tuesday"/> The resulting group was named the [[Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|Social Democratic Party]].

Not all members of the United Labour Party accepted the new organisation, however, and some continued under their own banner. Gradually, however, the differences between the Social Democrats and the ULP Remnant broke down, and in 1915 they formed a unified caucus – both to oppose Reform better and to differentiate themselves from the Liberals.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=SUNCH19150706.2.96 |work=Sun |page= 11 |title=A Separate Identity |date= 6 July 1915 |access-date= 30 March 2016 |volume=II |issue= 438}}</ref> A year later yet another gathering took place. This time, all major factions of the labour movement agreed to unite, forming the Labour Party as it is today.{{sfn|Franks|McAloon|2016|pp= 70–71}}

==== Electoral record of constituent parties pre–1916 Labour ====
{|class=wikitable align=left
|-
!colspan=2 width=100|Term
!colspan=2 width=100|Electorate
!colspan=2 width=100|Party
!width=125|Elected MPs
|-
{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1908}}|end=1910|term=17th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Wellington East}}|party=Independent Political Labour League}}
|rowspan=2|[[David McLaren (politician)|David McLaren]]
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1910|end=1911|party=New Zealand Labour Party (1910)}}
|-
{{NZ parlbox|start=1911|end=1912|term=18th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Wellington South}}|party=New Zealand Labour Party (1910)}}
|rowspan=3|[[Alfred Hindmarsh]]
|-
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1912|end=1914|party=United Labour Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox|start=1914|end=1916|term=19th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Wellington South}}|party=United Labour Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox|party=New Zealand Labour Party (1910)|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Grey Lynn}}|start=1911|end=1914|term=18th}}
|rowspan=3|[[John Payne (New Zealand politician)|John Payne]]
|-
{{NZ parlbox|party=Independent Labour|electorate=Grey Lynn|start=1914|end=1916|term=19th}}
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1916|end=|party=Independent politician}}
|-
{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1911}}|end=1913|term=18th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Otaki}}|party=New Zealand Labour Party (1910)}}
|rowspan=2|[[John Robertson (New Zealand politician, born 1875)|John Robertson]]
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1913|end=1914|party=Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox|start=1911|end=1912|term=18th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Wanganui}}|party=Independent Labour}}
|rowspan=4|[[Bill Veitch]]
|-
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1912|end=1914|party=United Labour Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox|start=1914|end=1916|term=19th|electorate=Wanganui|party=United Labour Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox allegiance|start=1916|end=|party=Independent politician}}
{{NZ parlbox|party=Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Grey}}|start={{By-election link year|Grey|1913}}|end=1914|term=18th
}}
|rowspan=2|[[Paddy Webb]]
|-
{{NZ parlbox|party=Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|electorate=Grey|start={{NZ election link year|1914}}|end=1916|term=19th
}}
{{NZ parlbox|start={{By-election link year|Lyttelton|1913}}|end=1914|term=18th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Lyttelton}}|party=Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)}}
|rowspan=2|[[James McCombs]]
|-
{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1914}}|end=1916|term=19th|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Lyttelton}}|party=Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)}}
{{NZ parlbox|party=United Labour Party (New Zealand)|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Dunedin North}}|start={{NZ election link year|1914}}|end=1916|term=19th}}
|[[Andrew Walker (politician)|Andrew Walker]]
|}
{{clear}}