Editing New Urbanism (section)

==Terminology==
Several terms are viewed either as synonymous, included in, or overlapping with the New Urbanism. The terms Neotraditional Development<ref>{{cite web |url=http://facweb.arch.ohio-state.edu/jnasar/crpinfo/research/NeoTradJPER2003.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=facweb.arch.ohio-state.edu |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214103135/http://facweb.arch.ohio-state.edu/jnasar/crpinfo/research/NeoTradJPER2003.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> or Traditional Neighborhood Development are often associated with the New Urbanism. These terms generally refer to complete New Towns or new neighborhoods, often built in traditional architectural styles, as opposed to smaller infill and redevelopment projects. The term Traditional Urbanism has also been used to describe the New Urbanism by those who object to the "new" moniker. The term "Walkable Urbanism" was proposed as an alternative term by developer and professor Christopher Leinberger.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Leinberger|first1=Christopher|title=The Option of Urbanism|date=2009|publisher=Island Press|location=District of Columbia|isbn=978-1-59726-137-1}}</ref> Many debate whether [[Smart Growth]] and the New Urbanism are the same or whether substantive differences exist between the two; overlap exists in membership and content between the two movements. Placemaking is another term that is often used to signify New Urbanist efforts or those of like-minded groups. The term Transit-Oriented Development is sometimes cited as being coined by prominent New Urbanist [[Peter Calthorpe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archdaily.com/409612/does-china-s-urbanization-spell-doom-or-salvation-peter-calthorpe-weighs-in/|title=Does China's Urbanization Spell Doom or Salvation? Peter Calthorpe Weighs In&nbsp;... |work=ArchDaily|date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> and is heavily promoted by New Urbanists. The term [[sustainable development]] is sometimes associated with the New Urbanism as there has been an increasing focus on the environmental benefits of New Urbanism associated with the rise of the term sustainability in the 2000s, however, this has caused some confusion as the term is also used by the [[United Nations]] and [[Agenda 21]] to include [[Human development (humanity)|human development]] issues (e.g., [[developing country]]) that exceed the scope of [[land development]] intended to be addressed by the New Urbanism or [[Sustainable Urbanism]]. The term "livability" or "livable communities" was popular under the [[Obama administration]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usa.streetsblog.org/2011/05/04/president-obamas-transportation-bill-prioritizes-livability-high-speed-rail/|title=President Obama's Transportation Bill Prioritizes Livability, High-Speed Rail – Streetsblog USA|date=2011-05-04}}</ref> though it dates back at least to the mid-1990s when the term was used by the [[Local Government Commission (Sacramento, California)|Local Government Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newpartners.org/about/about-the-event|title=About the Event|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023010313/http://www.newpartners.org/about/about-the-event|archive-date=2014-10-23}}</ref>

Planning magazine discussed the proliferation of "urbanisms" in an article in 2011 titled "A Short Guide to 60 of the Newest Urbanisms".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barnett|first1=Jonathan|title=A Short Guide to 60 of the Newest Urbanisms|date=April 2014|volume=77|issue=4|pages=19–21|url=https://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/60urbanisms.htm|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916131317/https://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/60urbanisms.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several New Urbanists have popularized terminology under the umbrella of the New Urbanism including [[Sustainable Urbanism]] and [[Tactical urbanism|Tactical Urbanism]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/03/guide-tactical-urbanism/1387/|title=The Official Guide to Tactical Urbanism|work=CityLab|date=2 March 2012 }}</ref> (of which Guerrilla Urbanism can be viewed as a subset). The term Tactical Urbanism was coined by Frenchman Michel de Certau in 1968 and revived in 2011 by New Urbanist Mike Lydon and the co-authors of the Tactical Urbanism Guide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/tactical-urbanism-citizen-projects-go-mainstream/|title=Tactical urbanism: Citizen projects go mainstream|website=[[CBS News]]|date=1 May 2014}}</ref> In 2011 [[Andres Duany]] authored a book that used the term Agrarian Urbanism to describe an agriculturally-focused subset of New Urbanist town design.<ref>{{cite book | author=Duany, Andres | title=Garden Cities: Theory & Practice of Agrarian Urbanism | publisher=The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment | year=2011| isbn=978-1-906384-04-3| author-link=Duany, Andres }}</ref> In 2013 a group of New Urbanists led by CNU co-founder [[Andres Duany]] began a research project under the banner of Lean Urbanism<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.citylab.com/design/2014/03/why-andres-duany-so-focused-making-lean-urbanism-thing/8635/|title=Why Andrés Duany Is So Focused on Making 'Lean Urbanism' a Thing|work=CityLab|date=14 March 2014 }}</ref> which purported to provide a bridge between Tactical Urbanism and the New Urbanism.

Other terms have surfaced in reaction to the New Urbanism intended to provide a contrast, alternative to, or a refinement of the New Urbanism. Some of these terms include [[Everyday Urbanism]] by Harvard Professor Margaret Crawford, John Chase, and John Kaliski,<ref>{{cite book | author=Chase, John | title=Everyday Urbanism| publisher=The Monacelli Press | year=1999| isbn=978-1-885254-81-8}}</ref> [[Ecological Urbanism]], and True Urbanism by architect Bernard Zyscovich. [[Landscape urbanism]] was popularized by Charles Waldheim who explicitly defined it as in opposition to the New Urbanism in his lectures at Harvard University.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mehaffy|first1=Michael|title=The Landscape Urbanism: Sprawl in a Pretty Green Dress?|url=http://www.planetizen.com/node/46262|website=Planetizen}}</ref> ''Landscape Urbanism and its Discontents'', edited by Andres Duany and Emily Talen, specifically addressed the tension between these two views of [[urbanism]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.newsociety.com/Books/L/Landscape-Urbanism-and-its-Discontents|title=Landscape Urbanism and its Discontents|publisher=New Society Publishers}}</ref>