Editing New Haven, Connecticut (section)

=== As part of the Connecticut Colony ===
[[File:New Haven 1786.jpeg|thumb|right|New Haven as it appeared in a 1786 engraving]]
[[File:Second meeting house, new haven, ct.png|thumb|right|upright|Second meeting house on the New Haven Green, as it stood from 1670 to 1757]]

In 1664, New Haven became part of the Connecticut Colony when the two colonies were merged under political pressure from England. Seeking to establish a new theocracy elsewhere, some members of the New Haven Colony went on to establish [[Newark, New Jersey]].

New Haven was made co-capital of Connecticut in 1701, a status it retained until 1873.

In 1716, the Collegiate School relocated from [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut|Old Saybrook]] to New Haven, establishing it as a center of learning. In 1718, in response to a large donation from [[East India Company]] merchant [[Elihu Yale]], former Governor of [[Madras]], the Collegiate School was renamed [[Yale University|Yale College]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schiff |first1=Judith |title=A Brief History of Yale |url=https://guides.library.yale.edu/yalehistory#:~:text=In%201718%2C%20when%20wealthy%20London,college%20was%20named%20Yale%20College. |website=Yale University Library |publisher=Yale University |access-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808074347/https://guides.library.yale.edu/yalehistory#:~:text=In%201718%2C%20when%20wealthy%20London,college%20was%20named%20Yale%20College. |url-status=live }}</ref>

For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, including the [[French and Indian War]]. As the [[American Revolution]] approached, General [[David Wooster]] and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the [[Parliament of Great Britain|British parliament]] could be resolved short of rebellion. On April 23, 1775, Captain [[Benedict Arnold]] commanded the Second Company, [[Governor's Foot Guard]], of New Haven to break into the powder house to arm themselves for a three-day march to [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], an event still celebrated in New Haven as [[Powder House Day]]. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort [[George Washington]] from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General [[William Tryon]], governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and [[Tryon's raid|raided]] the town of 3,500. A militia of Yale students had been preparing for battle, and former Yale president and [[Yale Divinity School]] professor [[Naphtali Daggett]] rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun.<ref>Freeman, Joanne B., "The American Revolution," lecture 15, Open Yale course</ref> New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]] in 1777, or [[Fairfield, Connecticut|Fairfield]] and [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]] a week after the New Haven raid, preserving many of the town's colonial features.