Editing Network Rail (section)

===Initial activities===
[[File:GB Rail Subsidy, 1985-2019.png|thumb|400px|GB total rail subsidy 1985–2019 (in 2018-19 prices), showing a short decline in subsidy after privatisation, followed by a steep rise following the [[Hatfield rail crash|Hatfield crash]] in 2000 then a further increase to fund [[Crossrail]] and [[High Speed 2|HS2]] development.<ref name=orr-20191114>{{cite report |url=https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/media/1548/rail-finance-statistical-release-2018-19.pdf |title=2018-19 Annual Statistical Release - Rail Finance |author=Tom Leveson Gower |publisher=Office of Rail and Road |date=14 November 2019 |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>]]

Network Rail Ltd. was created with the express purpose of taking over Britain's railway infrastructure control; this was achieved via its purchase of Railtrack plc from Railtrack Group plc for £500 million; Railtrack plc was then renamed and reconstituted as ''Network Rail Infrastructure Limited''.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk/research/researchcentres/Thecentreformanagementandorganisationalhistory/148170.pdf |page = 18 |title = Accounting for Producer Needs: The case of Britain's rail infrastructure |publisher = Centre for Management and Organisational History |access-date = 12 October 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075330/http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk/research/researchcentres/Thecentreformanagementandorganisationalhistory/148170.pdf |archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref> The transaction was completed on 3 October 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2267597.stm |work = BBC News |title = Network Rail closer to Railtrack takeover |date = 18 September 2002 |access-date = 20 May 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090917043501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2267597.stm |archive-date = 17 September 2009 |df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/sep/16/transportintheuk.society |title = Think tank lays into Network Rail structure |work = The Guardian |date = 16 September 2002}}</ref> The former company had thus never ceased to exist but continued under another name: for this reason Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd was the defendant in later prosecutions in respect of events which had occurred in the days of Railtrack.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}

Network Rail owns the infrastructure, including the railway tracks, signals, overhead wires, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and most stations, but not the passenger or commercial freight rolling stock, other than its limited [[departmental train|departmental stock]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} While it owns over 2,500 railway stations, it manages only 20 of the biggest and busiest of them as all the other stations are managed by the various train operating companies (TOCs).<ref name="networkrail.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.networkrail.co.uk/communities/passengers/our-stations/ |title=Our stations |publisher=Network Rail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085629/https://www.networkrail.co.uk/communities/passengers/our-stations/ |archive-date=28 February 2017  |access-date=27 February 2017 }}</ref> Network Rail should not be confused with [[National Rail]], the latter is a brand rather than an organisation, used to inform and promote a nationwide network of passenger railway services. The majority of Network Rail lines also carry freight traffic; some lines are freight only. A few lines that carry passenger traffic are not part of the National Rail network (such as the [[Tyne and Wear Metro]] and the [[London Underground]]). Conversely, a few National Rail services operate over track which is not part of the Network Rail network, such as the line between [[Harrow-on-the-Hill station|Harrow-on-the-Hill]] and [[Amersham station|Amersham]] being owned by London Underground.<ref>{{cite book |last = Yonge |first = John |editor-last = Jacobs |editor-first = Gerald |title = Railway Track Diagrams 5: Southern & TfL |edition = 3rd |date = November 2008 |orig-year = 1994 |publisher = Trackmaps |location = Bradford on Avon |isbn = 978-0-9549866-4-3 |at = maps 41C, 42A, 42B, 43A }}</ref>

Following an initial period in which Network Rail established itself and demonstrated its competence in addressing the principal challenges of improving asset condition, reducing unit costs and tackling delay, the Government's Rail Review in 2004 said that Network Rail should be given responsibility for whole-industry performance reporting, timetable development, specification of small and medium network enhancements, and the delivery of route-specific utilisation strategies (RUS).<ref name=ORR-2005-06-Q4>{{cite web |url= http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/nr_monitor_q4-gb.pdf.pdf |title=Network Monitor (Great Britain) |publisher=[[Office of Rail Regulation]] |date=31 March 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090327121138/http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/nr_monitor_q4-gb.pdf.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2009 }}</ref> Some of these are functions which Network Rail already had; others – such as the obligation to devise [[Route Utilisation Strategy|route utilisation strategies]] – were transferred to Network Rail from the [[Strategic Rail Authority]], a non-departmental public body, part of the UK government. The SRA was abolished in November 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/strategic-rail-authority-annual-report-and-accounts-period-ended-30-november-2006 |title=Strategic Rail Authority annual report and accounts period ended 30 November 2006 |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150707173524/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/strategic-rail-authority-annual-report-and-accounts-period-ended-30-november-2006 |archive-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>

Network Rail initially sub-contracted much of the infrastructure work to private maintenance companies, such as [[Carillion]] and [[Babcock International Group|First Engineering]]; other sub-contractors perform specialist work or additional labour, such as Prima Services Group, Sky Blue, Balfour Beatty, Laboursite, BCL, Atkins (Atkins Rail) and McGinleys.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} In October 2003, Network Rail announced that it would take over all infrastructure maintenance work from private contractors, following concerns about the quality of work carried out by certain private firms and spiralling costs.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.networkrail.co.uk/careers/schemes/students-and-graduates/advanced-apprenticeship-scheme/ |title=UK brings infrastructure maintenance back in-house |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161026233524/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/careers/schemes/students-and-graduates/advanced-apprenticeship-scheme/ |archive-date=26 October 2016 }}</ref> In 2007, it was announced that the number of track renewal contractors would be reduced from six to four; [[Amey plc|Amey]]/[[Seco Rail|SECO]], [[Balfour Beatty]], [[Babcock International Group|Babcock First Engineering]] and [[Jarvis plc]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/network-rail-announces-track-renewal-changes |title=Network Rail Announces Track Renewal Changes |work=News Releases |date=11 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161027055036/http://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/network-rail-announces-track-renewal-changes |archive-date=27 October 2016 }}</ref> Network Rail has expanded its in-house engineering skills, including funding of apprenticeship and foundation degree schemes, and has reported significant savings from transferring work away from contracting companies. Additional work was taken back in-house after the serious [[Potters Bar rail crash|accident at Potters Bar]] and other accidents at Rotherham and King's Cross led to Jarvis's collapse into administration in March 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8586663.stm |title = Jarvis to call in administrators |date = 25 March 2010 |work = [[BBC News]]}}</ref>

The company moved its headquarters to Kings Place, 90 York Way, from 40 Melton Street, Euston, in August 2008. Two months later, Sir [[Ian McAllister]] announced that he would not stand for re-election as chairman of Network Rail after holding the position for six years. He noted that as Network Rail moved to a "new phase in its development" it was appropriate for a new chairman to lead it there.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7649957.stm |title=Network Rail boss stepping down |work=BBC News |date=3 October 2008 |access-date=8 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081006095438/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7649957.stm |archive-date=6 October 2008 }}</ref> Network Rail also has a 15-year lease on Square One in Manchester with 800 staff in one of Manchester's largest refurbished office spaces.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/network-rail-moves-into-old-depot-998602 |access-date=26 October 2016 |title=Network Rail moves into old depot |date=16 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161026232339/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/network-rail-moves-into-old-depot-998602 |archive-date=26 October 2016 }}</ref> During June 2012, work was completed on the company's new national centre, known as the [[Quadrant:MK]]. Based in [[Milton Keynes]] about five minutes' walk from {{rws|Milton Keynes Central}}, it comprises four buildings connected to a central street, accommodating more than 3,000 people. Various divisions, including engineering, logistics, operations (including timetable planning), IT, procurement, planning and finance departments, and Route Services Supply Chain operations have been transferred to the Quadrant.<ref name=rg>{{cite web|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/network-rail-opens-the-quadrantmk.html |title=Network Rail opens The Quadrant:MK |date=11 June 2012 |work=[[Railway Gazette International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113164805/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/network-rail-opens-the-quadrantmk.html |archive-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>