Editing National Academy of Sciences (section)

==Membership==
The academy currently (as of late-2024) has 6892 members, including international ones, both past and present. 3218 of them are living. Existing members elect new members for life. Up to 120 members are elected every year while up to 30 foreign citizens may be elected as international members annually. The election process begins with a formal nomination, followed by a vetting period, and culminates in a final ballot at the academy's annual meeting in April each year. Members are affiliated with a specific scientific field in one of six so-called "classes", which include: Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Biological Sciences; Engineering and Applied Sciences; Biomedical Sciences; Behavioral and [[Social science|Social Sciences]]; and Applied Biological, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences.<ref name=nasoverview />

Over the entire history of the NAS, [[Harvard University]] is associated with the most members (331) overall, while the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California at Berkeley]] is associated with the most members (255) without including the medical school. E.g. of the topmost schools, UC Berkeley/MIT/Princeton/Caltech do not have medical schools, while Harvard/Stanford do. The top ten institutions, two of which are from the [[University of California|University of California System]] and another four of which are in the [[Ivy League]], account for nearly 28% of all members ever elected. Those ten are also precisely the only institutions in the entire history of the NAS to have had 100 or more members overall.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

On the list for living members, only 14 institutions have 50 or more members overall, including the medical school (where it applies). They represent 32% of all living members of the NAS.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Top 14 Primary Institutions (50 and more Living Members)
! data-sort-type="number" |Living Members (Including Medical School)
! data-sort-type="number" |Living Members (Excluding Medical School)
|-
|-
|align="center" |[[Harvard University]]**
|align="center" |183<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Member Directory - NAS |url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=6dbdc32a52b4b3a38e14f8665eba1bd6,dana-farber-harvard-cancer-center,harvard-medical-school,harvard-t.h.-chan-school-of-public-health,harvard-university&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc |access-date=2024-11-13 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref>
|align="center" |115<ref name=":0" />
|-
|align="center" |[[Stanford University]]**
|align="center" |175<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=slac-national-accelerator-laboratory%2Cstanford-university%2Cstanford-university-school-of-medicine&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |146<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=slac-national-accelerator-laboratory%2Cstanford-university&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" | [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California at Berkeley]]
|align="center" |138<ref name="nasonline.org">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=6cde08dc58cc50cef02f9b4808ee3a0f&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |138<ref name="nasonline.org"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|align="center" |121<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=massachusetts-institute-of-technology&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |121<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Princeton University]]
|align="center" |92<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=princeton-plasma-physics-laboratory%2Cprinceton-university%2Cprinceton-university-observatory&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |92<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Columbia University]]**
|align="center" |75<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=columbia-university%2Ccolumbia-university-medical-center%2Ccolumbia-university-vagelos-college-of-physicians-%2Clamont-doherty-earth-observatory-of-columbia-unive&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |66<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=columbia-university%2Clamont-doherty-earth-observatory-of-columbia-unive&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[California Institute of Technology]]
|align="center" |69<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=california-institute-of-technology%2Cb1fe0f1fe70a71519129b4dbdc79bc5f&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |69<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Yale University]]**
|align="center" |67<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=yale-school-of-medicine%2Cyale-school-of-public-health%2Cyale-university&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |49<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=yale-university&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of Chicago]]**
|align="center" |60<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=the-university-of-chicago%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-booth-school-of-business%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-medical-center&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |60<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=the-university-of-chicago%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-booth-school-of-business&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of California, San Diego|University of California San Diego]]**
|align="center" |54<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=scripps-institution-of-oceanography%2Cbf7ffba481d94865ea4c0d70066c0e26%2Cc822815cbb3d7e0b2186e1f61eaf1d7a&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |51<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=scripps-institution-of-oceanography%2Cbf7ffba481d94865ea4c0d70066c0e26&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[Max Planck Society|Max Planck Institutes (Germany)]]
|align="center" |52<ref name="ReferenceD">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=max-planck-institute-for-astrophysics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-biogeochemistry%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-biological-cybernetics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-biological-intelligence%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-biology%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-biophysical-chemistry%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-brain-research%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-chemical-ecology%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-chemical-physics-of-solid%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-chemistry%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-developmental-biology%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-evolutionary-anthropology%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-extraterrestrial-physics%2C7c9fa03883ba16a469a1dcfbe013dce4%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-informatics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-mathematics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-multidisciplinary-science%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-plant-breeding-research%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-psycholinguistics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-quantum-optics%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-solar-system-research%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-solid-state-research%2Cmax-planck-institute-for-terrestrial-microbiology%2C4daf24dd9a0c41f23be8350d9bb6f8f5%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-biochemistry%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-biophysics%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-microstructure-physics%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-molecular-cell-biology-and%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-molecular-plant-physiology%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-neurobiology%2Cmax-planck-institute-of-quantum-optics%2Cmax-planck-society-for-the-advancement-of-science%2Cmax-planck-unit-for-the-science-of-pathogens%2Cmax-delbruck-center-for-molecular-medicine&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |52<ref name="ReferenceD"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of California, Los Angeles|University of California Los Angeles]]**
|align="center" |51<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=david-geffen-school-of-medicine-at-ucla%2Cinstitute-of-pure-and-applied-mathematics%2Cf270c395b36957cccf34862290942b7f&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |43<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=institute-of-pure-and-applied-mathematics%2Cf270c395b36957cccf34862290942b7f&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of Washington]]**
|align="center" |50<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=university-of-washington%2Cuniversity-of-washington-school-of-medicine&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |45<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=university-of-washington&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[National Institutes of Health]]
|align="center" |50<ref name="ReferenceE">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=national-cancer-institute%2Cebb7864cca87c958bd55ec8a9fa919ef%2Cnational-human-genome-research-institute%2Cnational-institute-of-environmental-health-science%2Cnational-institutes-of-health&_livingdeceased=living&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |50<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
|}
{{reflist|group=a}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Top 10 Primary Institutions (All-time Members)
! data-sort-type="number" |All-time Members (1863–2024) (Excluding Medical School)
! data-sort-type="number" |All-time Members (1863–2024) (Including Medical School)
|-
|-
|align="center" | [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California at Berkeley]]
|align="center" |255<ref name="ReferenceF">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=6cde08dc58cc50cef02f9b4808ee3a0f&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |255<ref name="ReferenceF"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Harvard University]]**
|align="center" |235<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=6dbdc32a52b4b3a38e14f8665eba1bd6%2Charvard-university%2Charvard-smithsonian-center-for-astrophysics&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |331<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=6dbdc32a52b4b3a38e14f8665eba1bd6%2Cdana-farber-harvard-cancer-center%2Charvard-medical-school%2Charvard-school-of-public-health%2Charvard-t.h.-chan-school-of-public-health%2Charvard-university%2Charvard-smithsonian-center-for-astrophysics&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[Stanford University]]**
|align="center" |234<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=slac-national-accelerator-laboratory%2Cstanford-university&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |274<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=slac-national-accelerator-laboratory%2Cstanford-university%2Cstanford-university-medical-center%2Cstanford-university-school-of-medicine&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|align="center" |219<ref name="ReferenceG">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=massachusetts-institute-of-technology&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |219<ref name="ReferenceG"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[Princeton University]]
|align="center" |133<ref name="ReferenceH">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=princeton-plasma-physics-laboratory%2Cprinceton-university%2Cprinceton-university-observatory&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |133<ref name="ReferenceH"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[California Institute of Technology]]
|align="center" |132<ref name="ReferenceI">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=california-institute-of-technology%2Cb1fe0f1fe70a71519129b4dbdc79bc5f&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |132<ref name="ReferenceI"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of Chicago]]**
|align="center" |129<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=the-university-of-chicago%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-booth-school-of-business&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |130<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=the-university-of-chicago%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-booth-school-of-business%2Cthe-university-of-chicago-medical-center&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[Columbia University]]**
|align="center" |124<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=columbia-university%2Clamont-doherty-earth-observatory-of-columbia-unive&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |136<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=columbia-university%2Ccolumbia-university-college-of-physicians-and-surg%2Ccolumbia-university-medical-center%2Ccolumbia-university-vagelos-college-of-physicians-%2Clamont-doherty-earth-observatory-of-columbia-unive&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[University of California, San Diego|University of California San Diego]]**
|align="center" |116<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=scripps-institution-of-oceanography%2Cbf7ffba481d94865ea4c0d70066c0e26&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |122<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=scripps-institution-of-oceanography%2Cbf7ffba481d94865ea4c0d70066c0e26%2Cc822815cbb3d7e0b2186e1f61eaf1d7a&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[Yale University]]**
|align="center" |103<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=yale-university&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|align="center" |137<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/membership/member-directory/?_primary_institution=yale-school-of-medicine%2Cyale-school-of-public-health%2Cyale-university&_member_directory_sort=last_name_asc | title=Member Directory - NAS }}</ref>
|}
{{reflist|group=a}}