Editing Nasal consonant (section)

==Other kinds of nasal consonant==
Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) distinguish purely nasal consonants, the nasal occlusives such as ''m n ng'' in which the airflow is purely nasal, from partial nasal consonants such as '''[[prenasalized consonant]]s''' and nasal [[pre-stopped consonant]]s, which are nasal for only part of their duration, as well as from '''nasalized consonants''', which have simultaneous oral and nasal airflow.<ref>{{SOWL|102}}</ref> In some languages, such as [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], a nasal consonant may have occlusive and non-occlusive [[allophone]]s. In general, therefore, a nasal consonant may be:

* a nasal occlusive, such as English ''m, n, ng''
* [[nasal approximant]]s, as in ''nh, ão'' [j̃, w̃] in some [[Portuguese phonology|Portuguese dialects]] and ''ą, ę'' in [[Polish phonology|Polish]]
* prenasalized consonants, pre-stopped nasals and post-stopped nasals, as in [[Arrernte language|Arrernte]]
* [[nasal click]]s such as [[Zulu language|Zulu]] ''nq, nx, nc''
* other [[nasalization|nasalized]] consonants, such as [[Fricative consonant#Nasalized fricatives|nasalized fricatives]]

A nasal trill {{IPA|[r̃]}} has been described from some dialects of Romanian, and is posited as an intermediate historical step in [[Rhotacism (sound change)|rhotacism]]. However, the phonetic variation of the sound is considerable, and it is not clear how frequently it is actually trilled.{{sfnp|Sampson|1999|pp=312–3}} Some languages contrast /r, r̃/ like [[Toro-tegu Dogon]] (contrasts /w, r, j, w̃, r̃, j̃/)<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Grammar of Toro Tegu (Dogon), Tabi mountain dialect|last=Heath|first=Jeffrey|year=2014|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/123064/A?sequence=4}}</ref> and [[Inor_language|Inor]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abza |first1=Tsehay |title=Consonants and Vowels in the Western Gurage Variety Inor: Complex Connections between Phonemes, Allophones, and Free Alternations |editor1=Binyam Sisay Mendisu |editor2=Janne Bondi Johannessen|editor2-link=Janne Bondi Johannessen |journal=Oslo Studies in Language |date=2016 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=31–54 |doi=10.5617/osla.4416|doi-access=free }}</ref> A nasal lateral has been reported for some languages, [[Nzema language]] contrasts /l, l̃/.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Berry|first=J.|date=1955|title=Some Notes on the Phonology of the Nzema and Ahanta Dialects|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|pages=160–165|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00106421|s2cid=162551544 |issn=1474-0699}}</ref>