Editing Napoleon III (section)

===Romantic revolutionary (1823–1835)===
When Louis Napoleon was 15, his mother Hortense moved to [[Rome]], where the [[House of Bonaparte|Bonapartes]] had a villa. He passed his time learning [[Italian language|Italian]], exploring the ancient ruins and learning the arts of seduction and romantic affairs, which he used often in his later life. He became friends with the French Ambassador, [[François-René de Chateaubriand|François-René, Vicomte de Chateaubriand]], the father of [[Romanticism in France|romanticism in French literature]], with whom he remained in contact for many years. He was reunited with his older brother Napoléon-Louis; together they became involved with the [[Carbonari]], secret revolutionary societies fighting [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]'s domination of Northern Italy. In the spring of 1831, when Louis Napoleon was 23, the Austrian and [[Papal States|Papal]] governments launched an offensive against the [[Carbonari]]. The two brothers, wanted by the police, were forced to flee. During their flight, Napoléon-Louis contracted [[measles]]. He died in his brother's arms on 17 March 1831.{{Sfn|Bresler|1999|pp=94–95}} Hortense joined Louis Napoleon and together they evaded the police and [[Imperial Austrian Army (1806–1867)|Austrian Army]] and finally reached the [[France–Italy border|French border]].{{Sfn|Milza|2006|pp=58–72}}

Hortense and Louis Napoleon traveled incognito to [[Paris]], where the old regime of King [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] had just fallen after the [[July Revolution]] and been replaced by the more liberal regime of [[Louis Philippe I]], the sole monarch of the [[July Monarchy]]. They arrived in Paris on 23 April 1831, and took up residence under the name "Hamilton" in the Hotel du Holland on [[Place Vendôme]]. Hortense wrote an appeal to the King of the French, asking to stay in France, and Louis Napoleon offered to volunteer as an ordinary soldier in the [[French Army]]. The new king agreed to meet secretly with Hortense; Louis Napoleon had a fever and did not join them. The King finally agreed that Hortense and Louis Napoleon could stay in Paris as long as their stay was brief and incognito. Louis Napoleon was told that he could join the French Army if he would simply change his name, something he indignantly refused to do. Hortense and Louis Napoleon remained in Paris until 5 May, the tenth anniversary of the death of Napoleon. The presence of Hortense and Louis Napoleon in the hotel had become known, and a public demonstration of mourning for the Emperor took place on Place Vendôme in front of their hotel. The same day, Hortense and Louis Napoleon were ordered to leave Paris. During their brief stay in Paris Louis Napoleon had become convinced that [[Bonapartism|Bonapartist]] sentiment was still strong among the French people and the army.<ref name=":0" /> They went to Britain briefly, and then back into exile in Switzerland.{{Sfn|Milza|2006|pp=72–77}}