Editing Nanomedicine (section)

== Applications ==
Some nanotechnology-based drugs that are commercially available or in human clinical trials include:
*[[Doxil]] was originally approved by the FDA for the use on HIV-related [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]. It is now being used to also treat ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma. The drug is encased in [[liposome]]s, which helps to extend the life of the drug that is being distributed. Liposomes are self-assembling, spherical, closed colloidal structures that are composed of lipid bilayers that surround an aqueous space. The liposomes also help to increase the functionality and it helps to decrease the damage that the drug does to the heart muscles specifically.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martis EA, Badve RR, Degwekar MD |title=Nanotechnology based devices and applications in medicine: An overview|journal=Chronicles of Young Scientists|date=January 2012|volume=3|issue=1|pages=68–73|doi=10.4103/2229-5186.94320|doi-access=free}}</ref> 
*Onivyde, liposome encapsulated [[irinotecan]] to treat metastatic pancreatic cancer, was approved by FDA in October 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm468654.htm | title = FDA approves new treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer | work = News Release |publisher = FDA |date=22 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151024235715/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm468654.htm |archive-date = 24 October 2015}}</ref>
*[[Rapamune]] is a nanocrystal-based drug that was approved by the FDA in 2000 to prevent organ rejection after transplantation. The nanocrystal components allow for increased drug solubility and dissolution rate, leading to improved absorption and high bioavailability.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao L, Liu G, Ma J, Wang X, Zhou L, Li X, Wang F | title = Application of drug nanocrystal technologies on oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs | journal = Pharmaceutical Research | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 307–24 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23073665 | doi = 10.1007/s11095-012-0889-z | s2cid = 18043667 }}</ref>
*[[Cabenuva]] is approved by FDA as [[cabotegravir]] extended-release injectable nano-suspension, plus [[rilpivirine]] extended-release injectable nano-suspension. It is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either [[cabotegravir]] or [[rilpivirine]]. This is the first FDA-approved injectable, complete regimen for HIV-1 infected adults that is administered once a month.