Editing Nadsat (section)

== Russian influences ==
Russian influences play the biggest role in Nadsat. Most of those Russian-influenced words are slightly anglicized loan-words, often maintaining the original Russian pronunciation.<ref name="textual intricacies">{{cite book |last=Oks |first=Marina |title=Textual intricacies: essays on structure and intertextuality in nineteenth and twentieth century fiction in English |year=2009 |publisher=Trier: Wiss. Verl. Trier |pages=37–56 |author2=Christiane Bimberg |chapter=The Rebus of "Nadsat," or, A Key To A Clockwork Orange }}</ref> One example is the Russian word {{lang|ru-latn|lyudi}}, which is anglicized to {{lang|mis|lewdies}}, meaning 'people'.<ref name="real horrorshow">{{cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Kevin |title=Real Horrorshow: A Short Lexicon Of Nadsat |journal=Sight and Sound |year=1999 |issue=9 |pages=24–27 }}</ref> Another Russian word is {{lang|ru-latn|bábushka}} which is anglicized to {{lang|mis|baboochka}}, meaning 'grandmother', 'old woman'.<ref name="real horrorshow"/> Some of the anglicised words are truncated, for example {{lang|mis|pony}} from {{lang|ru-latn|ponimát’}}, 'to understand', or otherwise shortened, for example {{lang|mis|veck}} from {{lang|ru-latn|čelovék}}, 'person, man' (though the anglicized word {{not a typo|chelloveck}} is also used in the book).

A further means of constructing Nadsat words is the employment of homophones (known as [[folk etymology]]). For example, one Nadsat term which may seem like an English composition, {{lang|mis|horrorshow}}, actually stems from the Russian word for 'good'; {{lang|ru-latn|khorosho}}, which sounds similar to {{lang|mis|horrorshow}}.<ref name="real horrorshow"/><ref name="argot implications">{{cite journal |last=Evans |first=Robert O. |title=Nadsat: The Argot and its Implications in Anthony Burgess' 'A Clockwork Orange' |journal=Journal of Modern Literature |year=1971 |issue=1 |pages=406–410 }}</ref> In this same manner many of the Russian loan-words become an English–Russian hybrid, with Russian origins, and English spellings and pronunciations.<ref name="understanding Nadsat talk">{{cite book|last=Watts|first=Selnon|title=Understanding Nadsat Talk in Anthony Burgess' a Clockwork Orange |year=2007 }}</ref> A further example is the Russian word for 'head', {{lang|ru-latn|golová}}, which sounds similar to ''Gulliver'' known from ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]''; {{lang|mis|Gulliver}} became the Nadsat expression for the concept 'head'.<ref name="real horrorshow"/><ref name="argot implications"/>

Many of Burgess's loan-words, such as {{lang|mis|devotchka}} ('girl') and {{lang|mis|droog}} ('friend'), maintain both their relative spelling and meaning over the course of translation.<ref name="understanding Nadsat talk"/>