Editing Murad III (section)

===Expedition to Morocco===
{{See also|Capture of Fez (1576)}} {{See also|Ottoman expeditions to Morocco}}
[[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi|Abd al-Malik]] became a trusted member of the Ottoman establishment during his exile. He made the proposition of making Morocco an Ottoman vassal in exchange for the support of Murad III in helping him gain the Saadi throne.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|title=Dictionary of African Biography|first1=Emmanuel Kwaku|last1=Akyeampong|first2=Henry Louis|last2=Gates (Jr.)|date=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

With an army of 10,000 men, most of whom were Turks, Ramazan Pasha and Abd al-Malik left from Algiers to install Abd al-Malik as an Ottoman vassal ruler of Morocco.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=V7qpKqM2Ji8C&pg=PA408 The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3] - J. D. Fage: Pg 408</ref> Ramazan Pasha conquered Fez which caused the Saadi Sultan to flee to Marrakesh which was also conquered. Abd al-Malik then assumed rule over Morocco as a client of the Ottomans.<ref>‎هيسبريس تمودا‫ Volume 29, [https://books.google.com/books?id=u-8PAQAAMAAJ&q=ramadan+pasha Issue 1] Editions techniques nord-africaines, 1991</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>Hess, Andrew (1978). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4DTOTrXcazMC&pg=PA96 The Forgotten Frontier : A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier]. University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|978-0-226-33031-0}}</ref>

Abd al-Malik made a deal with the Ottoman troops by paying them a large amount of gold and sending them back to Algiers, suggesting a looser concept of vassalage than Murad III may have thought.<ref name="auto"/> Murad's name was recited in the Friday prayer and stamped on coinage marking the two traditional signs of sovereignty in the Islamic world.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1TMc1aQNskC|title=Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition|first=Norman|last=Itzkowitz|date=15 March 1980|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226388069 |via=Google Books}}</ref> The reign of Abd al-Malik is understood to be a period of Moroccan vassalage to the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barletta|first=Vincent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49rmZ7_kessC&pg=PA82|title=Death in Babylon: Alexander the Great and Iberian Empire in the Muslim Orient: Pages 82 and 104|date=2010-05-15|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-03739-4|pages=82|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjBZAAAAMAAJ&q=abd+al+malik+%22vassal%22|title=Langues et littératures|date=9 September 1981|publisher=Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines|via=Google Books}}</ref> Abd al-Malik died in 1578 and was succeeded by his brother [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] who formally recognised the suzerainty of the Ottoman Sultan at the start of his reign while remaining ''de facto'' independent. He stopped minting coins in Murad's name, dropped his name from the Khutba and declared his full independence in 1582.<ref>Rivet, Daniel (2012). Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI. Fayard</ref><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/16116909/A_struggle_for_Sahara_Idrīs_ibn_Alī_s_embassy_to_Aḥmad_al_Manṣūr_in_the_context_of_Borno_Morocco_Ottoman_relations_1577_1583 A Struggle for the Sahara:Idrīs ibn ‘Alī’s Embassy toAḥmad al-Manṣūr in the Context ofBorno-Morocco-Ottoman Relations], 1577-1583 Rémi Dewière Université de Paris Panthéon Sorbonne</ref>