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===Development as agricultural hamlet=== Building of houses occurred in spurts. Initially most building occurred within a mile (2 km) of the harbor. Few houses were built south of North Country Road until the late 19th century. Much of the land south of North Country Road was owned and cultivated by farmers. [[File:Davis homestead in Mount Sinai, NY.jpeg|thumb|right|The Davis homestead on North Country Road]] There is no known 17th-century structure still standing. The 18th century is represented by six buildings dating from 1705 to 1790. Certain of these homes have structural elements which date from the early period. The 19th century has the largest number of surviving historical structures. These can be divided into two periods, 1800-1840s and 1880-1890s. Again, some of these buildings incorporated structural elements of earlier periods. In 1840 the people of Old Mans applied for a post office. Evidently Old Mans was not considered a proper name for the area. The name was changed to Mount Vernon. This name was used for only a year as there already was a [[Mount Vernon, New York|Mount Vernon]] in New York. Old Mans was used once again, but for unknown reason another name change occurred. The name ''Mount Sinai'', after the [[Mount Sinai (Bible)|biblical mountain]], was chosen by the first postmaster, Charles Phillips. Local legend says that he chose the name arbitrarily by pointing with a knitting needle at random into his [[Bible]]. Mount Sinai is the name residents have used since 1841/1842.<ref>{{Cite web |last=District |first=Mount Sinai School |title=Mount Sinai School District |url=https://www.mtsinai.k12.ny.us/43349_3 |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.mtsinai.k12.ny.us |language=English}}</ref> In addition to the farmland that populated Old Mans, the town's trees provided much of the wood for the shipbuilding trade centered in neighboring Port Jefferson. A shipyard existed in Old Mans for a time, but this was moved to the naturally deeper harbor of Port Jefferson. Riggers, sail-makers, ship carpenters and others lived in Mount Sinai and commuted to Port Jefferson. Grist mills were located somewhere along Pipe Stave Hollow and Crystal Brook Hollow roads. Records indicate that a number of [[windmill]]s were located on the hills overlooking the harbor. As the population expanded, a number of businesses were established along Route 25A. A commercial center did not develop in Mount Sinai and residents depended on businesses in the neighboring village of [[Port Jefferson, New York|Port Jefferson]]. [[File:Little Portion friary.jpg|thumb|left|Little Portion Friary, an affiliate of the [[Society of Saint Francis]]]][[File:Historic photo of Mount Sinai Congregational Church.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Sinai Congregational Church]]
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