Editing Mount Fuji (section)

== History ==
[[File:「富嶽三十六景 凱風快晴」-South Wind, Clear Sky (Gaifū kaisei), also known as Red Fuji, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) MET DP141062.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Fine Wind, Clear Morning]]'' woodblock print by [[Hokusai]], 19th century]]
[[File:Mount Fuji from Omiya by Kusakabe Kimbei c1890.png|thumb|Mount Fuji from Omiya (now part of [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]), {{Circa|1890}}]]
Mount Fuji is an attractive [[volcanic cone]]. It has been a frequent subject of [[Japanese art]], especially after 1600, when [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tōkaidō]] road. According to the historian [[H. Byron Earhart]], "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Earhart|first=H. Byron|author-link=H. Byron Earhart|title=Mount Fuji: Shield of War, Badge of Peace |url=https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |date=May 9, 2011 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809182025/https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.<ref>{{Cite tech report|script-title=ja:富士山吉田口登山道関連遺跡|title=Fujisan Yoshidaguchi tozan-dō kanren iseki|trans-title=Mt. Fuji Yoshidaguchi trail related ruins|lang=ja|last=Fuse|first=Mitsutoshi|doi=10.24484/sitereports.6470|date=2003|series=Fujiyoshida City Cultural Properties Investigation Report|publisher=Fujiyoshida City Board of Education|volume=4|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was therefore forbidden to women. It was not until 1872 that the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for worship, etc., shall be permitted."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Envisioning and Observing Women's Exclusion from Sacred Mountains in Japan |last=DeWitt|first=Lindsey E.|journal=Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University |pages=19–28 |date=March 2016|volume=1 |doi=10.5109/1654566 |doi-access=free |s2cid=55419374|s2cid-access=free|hdl=1854/LU-8636481 |hdl-access=free  |issn=2433-4855 }}</ref> Tatsu Takayama, a Japanese woman, became the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|title=Climb every mountain: Japan's female mountaineers scale new heights|last=Budgen|first=Mara|date=July 4, 2022|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|url-access=limited|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705060624/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-chapter=ja:高山たつ(たかやま・たつ)とは？ 意味や使い方|chapter=Takayama Tatsu (takaya ma tatsu) to wa? Imi ya tsukaikata|trans-chapter=Who is Tatsu Takayama? Meaning and usage|language=ja|script-title=ja:朝日日本歴史人物事典|title=Asahi Nihon rekishi jinbutsu jiten|trans-title=Asahi Dictionary of Japanese Historical Figures|isbn=9784023400528|year=1994|publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun Company]]|via=[[Kotobank]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|chapter-url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A4-1088047}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{GBurl|i74TAQAAMAAJ|q=Tatsu}}|title=Intersect|volume=9–10|page=39|publisher=PHP Institute|year=1993}}</ref>

Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town of [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]. The ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] held ''[[yabusame]]'' archery contests in the area in the early [[Kamakura period]].

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir [[Rutherford Alcock]] in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.<ref name = alcock>{{cite book |author-link=Rutherford Alcock |first=Rutherford |last=Alcock |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |title=The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of Three Years Residence in Japan |volume=I |location=London |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green]] |access-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232656/https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|427}} Alcock's brief narrative in ''The Capital of the Tycoon'' was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.<ref name = alcock />{{rp|421–27}} Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir [[Harry Smith Parkes|Harry Parkes]], was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji, in 1867.<ref>{{cite web |title=#259, Lilian Hope Parkes |url=https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |website=The Cobbold Family History Trust |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201140923/https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |url-status=live }}</ref> Photographer [[Felix Beato]] climbed Mount Fuji two years later.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Anne|author1-link=Anne Tucker|last2=Iizawa|first2=Kōtarō|author2-link=Kōtarō Iizawa|last3=Friis-Hansen|first3=Dana|last4=Ryuichi|first4=Kaneko|last5=Kinoshita|first5=Naoyuki|last6=Joe|first6=Takeba|last7=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|last8=Kokusai Kaoryau Kikin Staff|editor1-last=Tucker|editor1-first=Anne|editor2-last=Iizawa|editor2-first=Kōtarō|editor3-last=Junkerman|editor3-first=John|editor4-last=Masayuki|editor4-first=Kuriyama|editor5-last=Maya|editor5-first=Ishiwata|editor6-last=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|editor7-last=Rie|editor7-first=Imai|editor8-last=Cleveland Museum of Art|translator-last=Junkerman|translator-first=John|year=2003|title=The History of Japanese Photography|page=30|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-09925-6}}</ref>

On March 5, 1966, [[BOAC Flight 911]], a [[Boeing 707]], broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure from [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]]. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died in the disaster, which was attributed to the extreme [[clear-air turbulence]] caused by [[lee wave]]s downwind of the mountain. There is a memorial for the crash victims a short distance down from the Gotemba New Fifth Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-436 G-APFE Mount Fuji |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]|access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028052327/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and [[Mountaineering|mountain climbing]].<ref name="climbing">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327032252/http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji? route maps |pages=4–5 |access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |title=Climbing Mt. Fuji travel log |publisher=ChristmasWhistler |date=June 30, 2002 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035316/http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early 20th century, populist educator [[Frederick Starr]]'s [[Chautauqua]] lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji— in 1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |title=Starr Tells of Escape: American Scientist Found Refuge in a Tokio Temple |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |date=October 1, 1923 |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155454/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |url-status=live|page=3|url-access=limited}}</ref> A well-known Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuckerman |first=Mike |url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji |website=JapanVisitor |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013036/http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bremmer |first=Brian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118165211/http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |title=Mastering Mt. Fuji |work=[[Business Week]] |date=September 15, 1997}}</ref> It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,<ref>{{Cite AV media|script-title=ja:血槍富士|title=Chiyarifuji|trans-title=[[Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji]]|lang=ja|date=1955 |last=Uchida |first=Tomu |author-link=Tomu Uchida}}</ref> inspiring the [[Infiniti]] logo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |publisher=[[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott Mercer]]|title=Launching Infiniti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030092013/http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |archive-date=October 30, 2006}}</ref> and even appearing in medicine with the [[Pneumocephalus|Mount Fuji sign]].<ref name="pmid10987907">{{cite journal |last=Sadeghian|first=Hamid|title=Mount Fuji Sign in Tension Pneumocephalus|journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=57 |issue=9 |page=1366 |date=September 2000 |pmid=10987907 |doi=10.1001/archneur.57.9.1366}}</ref><ref name="pmid15115834">{{cite journal |last1=Heckmann|first1=Josef G.|last2=Ganslandt|first2=Oliver|title=Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=350 |issue=18 |page=1881 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15115834 |doi=10.1056/NEJMicm020479}}</ref>

In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at {{cvt|3780|m|0}}, was replaced by a fully automated meteorological system.<ref name=upi_2004/>

Mount Fuji was added to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Japan|World Heritage List]] as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.<ref name="channelnewsasia.com" />