Editing Moscovium (section)

===Discovery===
The first successful [[discovery of the chemical elements|synthesis]] of moscovium was by a joint team of Russian and American scientists in August 2003 at the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] (JINR) in [[Dubna]], Russia. Headed by Russian nuclear physicist [[Yuri Oganessian]], the team included American scientists of the [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]. The researchers on February 2, 2004, stated in ''[[Physical Review|Physical Review C]]'' that they bombarded [[americium]]-243 with calcium-48 ions to produce four atoms of moscovium. These atoms decayed by emission of alpha-particles to [[nihonium]] in about 100&nbsp;milliseconds.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=3 |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |last3=Lobanov |first3=Yu. V. |last4=Abdullin |first4=F. Sh. |last5=Polyakov |first5=A. N. |last6=Shirokovsky |first6=I. V. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. |last8=Gulbekian |first8=G. |last9=Bogomolov |first9=S. |last10=Mezentsev |first10=A. N. |last11=Iliev |first11=S. |last12=Subbotin |first12=V. G. |last13=Sukhov |first13=A. M. |last14=Voinov |first14=A. A. |last15=Buklanov |first15=G. V. |last16=Subotic |first16=K. |last17=Zagrebaev |first17=V. I. |last18=Itkis |first18=M. G. |last19=Patin |first19=J. B. |last20=Moody |first20=K. J. |last21=Wild |first21=J. F. |last22=Stoyer |first22=M. A. |last23=Stoyer |first23=N. J. |last24=Shaughnessy |first24=D. A. |last25=Kenneally |first25=J. M. |last26=Lougheed |first26=R. W. |date=Feb 2004 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=021601–1–5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601 |bibcode=2004PhRvC..69b1601O |title=Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction <sup>243</sup>Am(<sup>48</sup>Ca,''xn'')<sup>291−''x''</sup>115 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235458292}} {{cite journal |title=preprint |journal=JINR Preprints |date=2003 |url=http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2003/178(E7-2003-178).pdf}}</ref>

{{block indent|{{nuclide|link=yes|Americium|243}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|Calcium|48}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Moscovium|288}} + 3 {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|10neutron}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Nihonium|284}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|alpha}}}}
{{block indent|{{nuclide|Americium|243}} + {{nuclide|Calcium|48}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Moscovium|287}} + 4 {{SubatomicParticle|link=no|10neutron}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Nihonium|283}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=no|alpha}}}}

The Dubna–Livermore collaboration strengthened their claim to the discoveries of moscovium and nihonium by conducting chemical experiments on the final [[decay product]] <sup>268</sup>Db. None of the nuclides in this decay chain were previously known, so existing experimental data was not available to support their claim. In June 2004 and December 2005, the presence of a [[dubnium]] isotope was confirmed by extracting the final decay products, measuring [[spontaneous fission]] (SF) activities and using chemical identification techniques to confirm that they behave like a [[group 5 element]] (as dubnium is known to be in group 5 of the periodic table).<ref name="Haire" /><ref name="E115" /> Both the half-life and the decay mode were confirmed for the proposed <sup>268</sup>Db, lending support to the assignment of the parent nucleus to moscovium.<ref name="E115">{{cite conference |title=Results of the experiment on chemical identification of Db as a decay product of element 115 |last1=Dmitriev |first1=S. N. |last2=Oganessian |first2=Yu. Ts. |last3=Utyonkov |first3=V. K. |last4=Shishkin |first4=S. V. |last5=Yeremin |first5=A. V. |last6=Lobanov |first6=Yu. V. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. S. |last8=Chepygin |first8=V. I. |last9=Sokol |first9=E. A. |last10=Vostokin |first10=G. K. |last11=Aksenov |first11=N. V. |last12=Hussonnois |first12=M. |last13=Itkis |first13=M. G. |last14=Géaggeler |first14=H. W. |last15=Schumann |first15=D. |last16=Bruchertseifer |first16=H. |last17=Eichler |first17=R. |last18=Shaughnessy |first18=D. A. |last19=Wilk |first19=P. A. |last20=Kenneally |first20=J. M. |last21=Stoyer |first21=M. A. |last22=Wild |first22=J. F. |display-authors=3 |editor-last1=Penionzhkevich |editor-first1=Yu. E. |editor-last2=Cherepanov |editor-first2=E. A. |book-title=EXOTIC NUCLEI (EXON2004) |conference=International Symposium On Exotic Nuclei, Peterhof, Russian Federation, 5–12 July 2004 |date=September 2005 |publisher=World Scientific Publishing |isbn=9789812701749 |doi=10.1142/9789812701749_0040 |bibcode=2005exnu.conf..285D |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253753564 |pages=285–294}} {{cite journal |title=preprint |journal=JINR Preprints |date=2004 |url=http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2004/157(e12-2004-157).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction <sup>243</sup>Am + <sup>48</sup>Ca |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611 |date=2005 |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |journal=Physical Review C |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=034611 |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. |last3=Dmitriev |first3=S.|last4=Lobanov |first4=Yu. |last5=Itkis |first5=M. |last6=Polyakov |first6=A. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. |last8=Mezentsev |first8=A. |last9=Yeremin |first9=A. |first10=A. A. |last10=Voinov |first11=E. A. |last11=Sokol |first12=G. G. |last12=Gulbekian |first13=S. L. |last13=Bogomolov |first14=S. |last14=Iliev |first15=V. G. |last15=Subbotin |first16=A. M. |last16=Sukhov |first17=G. V. |last17=Buklanov |first18=S. V. |last18=Shishkin |first19=V. I. |last19=Chepygin |first20=G. K. |last20=Vostokin |first21=N. V. |last21=Aksenov|first22=M. |last22=Hussonnois |first23=K. |last23=Subotic |first24=V. I. |last24=Zagrebaev |first25=K. J. |last25=Moody |first26=J. B. |last26=Patin |first27=J. F. |last27=Wild |first28=M. A. |last28=Stoyer |first29=N. J. |last29=Stoyer |first30=D. A. |last30=Shaughnessy |first31=J. M. |last31=Kenneally|first32=P. A. |last32=Wilk |first33=R. W. |last33=Lougheed |first34=H. W. |last34=Gäggeler |first35=D. |last35=Schumann|first36=H. |last36=Bruchertseifer |first37=R. |last37=Eichler |bibcode=2005PhRvC..72c4611O |display-authors=3 |url=https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A13194}}</ref> However, in 2011, the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party]] (JWP) did not recognize the two elements as having been discovered, because current theory could not distinguish the chemical properties of [[group 4 element|group 4]] and group 5 elements with sufficient confidence.<ref name="JWP">{{cite journal |author=Barber, Robert C. |author2=Karol, Paul J. |author3=Nakahara, Hiromichi |author4=Vardaci, Emanuele |author5=Vogt, Erich W. |title=Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report) |doi=10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01 |journal=Pure Appl. Chem. |date=2011 |volume=83 |issue=7 |page=1485 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Furthermore, the decay properties of all the nuclei in the decay chain of moscovium had not been previously characterized before the Dubna experiments, a situation which the JWP generally considers "troublesome, but not necessarily exclusive".<ref name="JWP" />