Editing Mordechai Anielewicz (section)

====Initial resistance====
[[File:Natan Rapoport-Monument of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in Warsaw-Warsaw.jpg|thumb|[[Monument to the Ghetto Heroes]] (Aniołek is in the center, wielding a hand grenade)]]

After returning to [[Warsaw]], Anielewicz organized groups, meetings, seminars, secretly attended resistance groups in other cities, and founded the underground newspaper ''Neged ha-zerem'' ({{langx|he|נגד הזרם}}, literally "Counter-current"). At the beginning of April 1940, the construction of the Warsaw Ghetto began. It stretched over an area of 3.4&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, and gradually a 3 m high wall with barbed wire was built around it. In mid-October, it was officially established, and by mid-November, the Germans had driven the Jews from the rest of Warsaw and its surroundings. An estimated 400,000 Jews, representing about 30% of the city's population, were pushed into an area which took up approximately 2.4% of the city's area.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gilbertson |first1=David |title=The Nightmare Dance: Guilt, Shame, Heroism and the Holocaust |date=2014 |publisher=Matador |isbn=978-1783064755 |page=185 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhU3BAAAQBAJ}}</ref> On top of extreme overcrowding, inadequate food supply and disease caused tens of thousands of deaths before deportation even began. In October 1941, the German occupation administration in Poland issued a decree that every Jew, captured outside the ghetto without a valid permit, would be executed.<ref name="Frucht">{{cite book|last1=Frucht|first1=Richard|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|date=22 December 2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1576078006|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C}}</ref>

After the first reports of the mass murder of the Jews spread at the end of 1941, Anielewicz began immediately to organize defensive Jewish groups in the Warsaw Ghetto. His first attempt to join the Polish resistance, subject to the [[Polish government-in-exile|Polish exile government]] in London, ended in failure. In March 1942, Anielewicz was among the founders of the anti-fascist group. Even it did not have a long duration and eventually, it was dissolved.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In the summer of 1942, he visited the southwest region of Poland{{snd}}[[Annexation|annexed]] to Germany{{snd}}attempting to organize armed resistance. At the same time, German authorities launched an operation which aimed at the liquidation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto into [[extermination camps]]. It was announced that 6,000 Jews were to be dispatched each day, irrespective of gender or age, to leave for labor camps to the east in the resettlement program.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dawidowicz |first1=Lucy |title=A Holocaust Reader |date=1 June 1976 |publisher=Behrman House |isbn=978-0874412369 |page=[https://archive.org/details/holocaustreaderl00lucy/page/98 98]-99 |url=https://archive.org/details/holocaustreaderl00lucy|url-access=registration }}</ref> The first one set off on 22 July 1942, the eve of the Jewish holiday of [[Tisha B'Av]], which is the saddest day of Jewish history.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Astor|first1=Yaakov|title=The Final Solution on Tisha B'av|date=9 May 2009 |url=http://www.aish.com/ho/i/48969411.html}}</ref> By 12 September 1942, German authorities from the Warsaw Ghetto deported 300,000 Jews. A total of 265,000 of them went to Treblinka where they were murdered. More than 10,000 Jews were murdered by the Germans during deportations and 11,850 Jews were sent by authorities to forced labor camps. After the first wave of deportations in mid-September 1942, roughly 55 to 60 thousand Jews remained in the ghetto.<ref>{{cite web|title=Warsaw Ghetto Uprising|url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005188|website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum}}</ref>