Editing Moraine (section)

=== Formation ===
Moraines may form through a number of processes, depending on the characteristics of sediment, the dynamics on the ice, and the location on the glacier in which the moraine is formed.<ref name="Benn & Evans">{{cite book |last1=Benn |first1=Douglas I. |last2=Evans |first2=David J.A. |title=Glaciers & glaciation |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0340905791 |edition=Second}}</ref>  Moraine forming processes may be loosely divided into ''passive'' and ''active''.<ref name="Moller2010">{{cite journal |last1=Möller |first1=Per |title=Melt-out till and ribbed moraine formation, a case study from south Sweden |journal=Sedimentary Geology |date=December 2010 |volume=232 |issue=3–4 |pages=161–180 |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.11.003|bibcode=2010SedG..232..161M }}</ref>

''Passive'' processes involve the placing of chaotic supraglacial sediments onto the landscape with limited reworking, typically forming [[hummock]]y moraines.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kjær|first1=Kurt H.|last2=Krüger|first2=Johannes|date=2001-10-21|title=The final phase of dead-ice moraine development: processes and sediment architecture, Kötlujökull, Iceland|journal=Sedimentology|language=en|volume=48|issue=5|pages=935–952|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00402.x|issn=1365-3091|bibcode=2001Sedim..48..935K|s2cid=129374153 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Janowski |first1=Lukasz |last2=Tylmann |first2=Karol |last3=Trzcinska |first3=Karolina |last4=Rudowski |first4=Stanislaw |last5=Tegowski |first5=Jaroslaw |title=Exploration of Glacial Landforms by Object-Based Image Analysis and Spectral Parameters of Digital Elevation Model |journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |date=2021 |volume=60 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1109/TGRS.2021.3091771| issn=0196-2892|doi-access=free }}</ref>  These moraines are composed of supraglacial sediments from the ice surface.<ref name="Moller2010"/>

''Active'' processes form or rework moraine sediment directly by the movement of ice, known as glaciotectonism. These form push moraines and thrust-block moraines, which are often composed of [[till]] and reworked proglacial sediment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bennett|first=Matthew R.|date=2001-04-01|title=The morphology, structural evolution and significance of push moraines|journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]]|volume=53|issue=3–4|pages=197–236|doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00039-8|bibcode=2001ESRv...53..197B}}</ref>

Moraine may also form by the accumulation of sand and gravel deposits from glacial streams emanating from the ice margin. These fan deposits may coalesce to form a long moraine bank marking the ice margin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boulton|first=G. S.|date=1986-10-01|title=Push-moraines and glacier-contact fans in marine and terrestrial environments|journal=Sedimentology|language=en|volume=33|issue=5|pages=677–698|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb01969.x|issn=1365-3091|bibcode=1986Sedim..33..677B}}</ref> Several processes may combine to form and rework a single moraine, and most moraines record a continuum of processes. Reworking of moraines may lead to the formation of [[placer deposit]]s of [[gold]] as is the case of [[Magallanes Region|southernmost Chile]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Potential mineral resources of the Chilean offshore: an overview|journal=[[Andean Geology]]|url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V47n1-3260/html|last1=García|first1=Marcelo|volume=47|pages=1–13|last2=Correa|first2=Jorge|issue=1|year=2020|last3=Maksaev|first3=Víctor|last4=Townley|first4=Brian|doi=10.5027/andgeoV47n1-3260|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020AndGe..47....1G }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Ansel Adams - National Archives 79-AA-M02.jpg|Moraine in [[Rocky Mountain National Park]], taken by [[Ansel Adams]] in 1941.
File:Icy-lake.jpg|Moraines around the Icy lake (2709 m), just below [[Musala]] peak (2925 m) in [[Rila|Rila Mountain]], [[Bulgaria]].
File:Moraines Surlej.jpg|Lateral moraines of a retreating [[glacier]] in [[Engadin]].
File:Colline moreniche del Lago Garda.JPG|Moraine of [[Lake Garda]].
</gallery>