Editing Mood disorder (section)

=== Bipolar disorders ===
* [[Bipolar disorder]] (BD) (also called "manic depression" or "manic-depressive disorder"), an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood ([[mania]]) and low mood ([[Clinical depression|depression]]),{{sfn|Schacter |Gilbert |Wegner |2011|pp=[https://archive.org/details/psychologysecond00dani/page/n601 570]}} which was formerly known as "manic depression" (and in some cases rapid cycling, mixed states, and [[psychosis|psychotic]] symptoms).<ref>{{cite web |author=Melissa Conrad Stöppler |title=Bipolar Disorder (cont.) |publisher=MedicineNet, Inc. |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/bipolar_disorder/page3.htm |access-date=27 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018063559/http://www.medicinenet.com/bipolar_disorder/page3.htm |archive-date=18 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Subtypes include:

:* ''[[Bipolar I]]'' is distinguished by the presence or history of one or more [[manic episodes]] or [[mixed episodes]] with or without major depressive episodes. A depressive episode is not required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder, but depressive episodes are usually part of the course of the illness.
:* ''[[Bipolar II]]'' consisting of recurrent intermittent [[hypomania|hypomanic]] and depressive episodes or mixed episodes.
:* ''[[Cyclothymia]]'' is a form of bipolar disorder, consisting of recurrent hypomanic and [[dysthymia|dysthymic]] episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes.
:* ''[[Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified]]'' (''BD-NOS''), sometimes called "sub-threshold" bipolar, indicates that the patient has some symptoms in the bipolar spectrum (e.g., manic and depressive symptoms) but does not fully qualify for any of the three formal bipolar DSM-IV diagnoses mentioned above.
:It is estimated that roughly 1% of the adult population has bipolar I, a further 1% has bipolar II or cyclothymia, and somewhere between 2% and 5% percent have "sub-threshold" forms of bipolar disorder. Furthermore, the possibility of getting bipolar disorder when one parent is diagnosed with it is 15–30%. Risk, when both parents have it, is 50–75%. Also, while with bipolar siblings the risk is 15–25%, with identical twins it is about 70%.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Abell|first=S.|author2=Ey, J. L.|title=Bipolar Disorder|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|date=4 June 2009|volume=48|issue=6|pages=693–694|pmid=19498214 |doi=10.1177/0009922808316663 |s2cid=46493183 }}</ref>