Editing Mitosis (section)

===Overview===
[[File:Mitosis drosophila larva.ogv|thumb|150px|right|Time-lapse video of mitosis in a ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' [[embryo]]]]
The primary result of mitosis and cytokinesis is the transfer of a parent cell's [[genome]] into two daughter cells. The genome is composed of a number of chromosomes—complexes of tightly coiled [[DNA]] that contain [[DNA sequence|genetic information]] vital for proper cell function.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Terence A. |title=Genomes |date=2002 |publisher=Wiley-Liss |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21134/ |chapter=The Human Genome }}</ref> Because each resultant daughter cell should be [[clone (genetics)|genetically identical]] to the parent cell, the parent cell must make a copy of each chromosome before mitosis. This occurs during the [[S phase]] of interphase.<ref name="Blow-2005"/> [[DNA replication|Chromosome duplication]] results in two identical ''[[sister chromatids]]'' bound together by [[cohesin]] proteins at the ''[[centromere]]''.

When mitosis begins, the chromosomes condense and become visible. In some eukaryotes, for example animals, the [[nuclear envelope]], which segregates the DNA from the cytoplasm, disintegrates into small vesicles. The [[nucleolus]], which makes ribosomes in the cell, also disappears. [[Microtubule]]s project from opposite ends of the cell, attach to the centromeres, and align the chromosomes centrally within the cell. The microtubules then contract to pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart.<ref name="Zhou-2002"/> Sister chromatids at this point are called ''daughter chromosomes''. As the cell elongates, corresponding daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell and condense maximally in late anaphase. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of daughter chromosomes, which decondense to form interphase nuclei.

During mitotic progression, typically after the anaphase onset, the cell may undergo cytokinesis. In [[animal cell]]s, a [[cleavage furrow|cell membrane pinches inward]] between the two developing nuclei to produce two new cells. In [[plant cell]]s, a [[cell plate]] forms between the two nuclei. Cytokinesis does not always occur; coenocytic (a type of multinucleate condition) cells undergo mitosis without cytokinesis.

{{wide image|Mitosis Stages.svg|1100px|Diagram of [[interphase]] and the following five mitotic stages of the M phase including [[cytokinesis]].}}