Editing Millennials (section)

==Psychology==
Psychologist Jean Twenge, the author of the 2006 book ''Generation Me'', considers millennials, along with younger members of Generation X, to be part of what she calls "Generation Me".<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Twenge|first=Jean M.|title=Generation Me|year=2006|publisher=Free Press (Simon & Schuster)|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7432-7697-9|url=https://archive.org/details/generationmewhyt00twen}}</ref> Twenge attributes millennials with the traits of confidence and tolerance, but also describes a sense of [[Entitlement (psychology)|entitlement]] and [[narcissism]], based on [[Narcissistic Personality Inventory|NPI]] surveys showing increased narcissism among millennials{{quantify|date=April 2019}} compared to preceding generations when they were teens and in their twenties.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tV4M1hpG-3wC |title=Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled – and more miserable than ever before |isbn=978-0-7432-7698-6 |last1=Twenge |first1=Jean M. |year= 2007|publisher=Simon and Schuster }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite journal |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp-102-5-1045.pdf |title=Generational Differences in Young Adults' Life Goals, Concern for Others, and Civic Orientation, 1966–2009 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |year=2012 |doi=10.1037/a0027408 |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=1045–62 |pmid=22390226 | last1 = Twenge | first1 = JM | last2 = Campbell | first2 = WK | last3 = Freeman | first3 = EC}}</ref> Psychologist Jeffrey Arnett of Clark University, Worcester has criticized Twenge's research on narcissism among millennials, stating "I think she is vastly misinterpreting or over-interpreting the data, and I think it's destructive".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/06/science/seeing-narcissists-everywhere.html?pagewanted=all|title=Seeing Narcissists Everywhere|last=Quenqua|first=Douglas|date=5 August 2013|work=The New York Times|access-date=30 December 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He doubts that the Narcissistic Personality Inventory really measures narcissism at all. Arnett says that not only are millennials less narcissistic, they're "an exceptionally generous generation that holds great promise for improving the world".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jarret |first1=Christian |title=Millennials are narcissistic? The evidence is not so simple |url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20171115-millenials-are-the-most-narcissistic-generation-not-so-fast |access-date=17 March 2019 |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2017}}</ref> A study published in 2017 in the journal ''Psychological Science'' found a small ''decline'' in narcissism among young people since the 1990s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wetzel |first1=Eunike |last2=Brown |first2=Anna |last3=Hill |first3=Patrick L. |last4=Chung |first4=Joanne M. |last5=Robbins |first5=Richard W. |last6=Roberts |first6=Brent W. |s2cid=10073811 |title=The Narcissism Epidemic Is Dead; Long Live the Narcissism Epidemic |journal=Psychological Science |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=1833–47 |date=24 October 2017 |doi=10.1177/0956797617724208 |pmid=29065280 |url= https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62391/1/Wetzel_et_al_%28in_press%29_The_narcissism_epidemic_is_dead_long_live_the_narcissism_epidemic_final_accepted_version.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Newman |first1=Kira M. |title=The Surprisingly Boring Truth about Millennials and Narcissism |url=https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_surprisingly_boring_truth_about_millennials_and_narcissism |access-date=23 March 2019 |work=Greater Good Magazine, Science-Based Insights for a Meaningful Life |date=17 January 2018}}</ref>

Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe argue that each generation has common characteristics that give it a specific character with four basic generational archetypes, repeating in a cycle. According to their hypothesis, they predicted millennials would become more like the "civic-minded" [[Greatest Generation|G.I. Generation]] with a strong sense of community both local and global.<ref name="Strauss 2000 370" /> Strauss and Howe ascribe seven basic traits to the millennial cohort: special, sheltered, confident, team-oriented, conventional, pressured, and achieving. However, Arthur E. Levine, author of ''When Hope and Fear Collide: A Portrait of Today's College Student'', dismissed these generational images as "stereotypes".<ref name="Hoover" >{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Hoover |title=The Millennial Muddle: How stereotyping students became a thriving industry and a bundle of contradictions |date=11 October 2009 |url=http://chronicle.com/article/The-Millennial-Muddle-How/48772/ |work=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] |access-date=21 December 2010}}</ref> In addition, psychologist Jean Twenge says Strauss and Howe's assertions are overly deterministic, non-falsifiable, and unsupported by rigorous evidence.<ref name="auto"/>

Polling agency [[Ipsos MORI|Ipsos-MORI]] warned that the word "millennials" is "misused to the point where it's often mistaken for just another meaningless buzzword" because "many of the claims made about millennial characteristics are simplified, misinterpreted or just plain wrong, which can mean real differences get lost" and that "[e]qually important are the similarities between other generations—the attitudes and behaviors that are staying the same are sometimes just as important and surprising."<ref name="Duffy-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/2017-05/ipsos-mori-millennial-myths-realities-full-report.pdf|title=Millennial: Myths and Realities|last1=Duffy|first1=Bobby|last2=Shrimpton|first2=Hannah|date=July 2017|website=Ipsos-MORI|access-date=19 April 2020|last3=Clemence|first3=Michael}}</ref>

Though it is often said that millennials ignore conventional advertising, they are in fact heavily influenced by it. They are particularly sensitive to appeals to transparency, to experiences rather than things, and flexibility.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 October 2018|title=Established firms try dancing to a millennial tune|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/business/2018/10/04/established-firms-try-dancing-to-a-millennial-tune|access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>

A 2015 study by [[Microsoft]] found that 77% of respondents aged 18 to 24 said yes to the statement, "When nothing is occupying my attention, the first thing I do is reach for my phone," compared to just 10% for those aged 65 and over.<ref>{{Cite news|last=MacSpadden|first=Kevin|date=14 May 2015|title=You Now Have a Shorter Attention Span Than a Goldfish|magazine=Time|url=https://time.com/3858309/attention-spans-goldfish/|access-date=9 December 2020}}</ref>

The term {{nihongo||生きづらさ|''ikizurasa''|"pain of living"}} has been used to denote anxiety experienced by many Japanese millennials struggling with a sense of [[Wiktionary:disconnected|disconnectedness]] and [[Self-blame (psychology)|self-blaming]], caused by a vast array of issues from [[unemployment]], [[poverty]], [[Interpersonal relationship|family problems]], [[bullying]], [[Solitude|social withdrawal]] and [[Mental disorder|mental ill-health]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Yukari Seko|author2=Minako Kikuchi|date=11 March 2022|title=Mentally Ill and Cute as Hell: Menhera Girls and Portrayals of Self-Injury in Japanese Popular Culture|journal=Frontiers in Communication|doi=10.3389/fcomm.2022.737761|volume=7|doi-access=free }}</ref>