Editing Militia (section)

=== France ===
The first notable militia in French history was the resistance of the [[Gaul]]s to invasion by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] until they were defeated by Julius Caesar.<ref>Gilliver, Kate. ''Caesar's Gallic Wars 58–50 BC.'' London: Osprey Publishing, 2002. {{ISBN|0-415-96858-5}}</ref> Centuries later, [[Joan of Arc]] organized and led a militia until her capture and execution in 1431. This settled the succession to the French crown and laid the basis for the formation of the modern nation of France.<ref>''Joan of Arc: Her Story'', by Régine Pernoud (Author), Marie-Véronique Clin (Author), Jeremy duQuesnay Adams (Translator), Palgrave Macmillan (1999), {{ISBN|0-312-22730-2}}</ref>

During the [[French Revolution]] the [[National Guard (France)|National Guard]] was a political home defense militia. The [[levée en masse]] was a conscription army used during the Revolutionary and [[Napoleonic Wars]].

At the time of the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the Parisian National Guard engaged the Prussian Army and later rebelled against the Versailles Army under Marshal McMahon.

Under German occupation during World War II, a militia usually called the [[French Resistance]] emerged to conduct a guerrilla war of attrition against German forces and prepare the way for the [[D-Day]] Allied Invasion of France.<ref>[[David Schoenbrun]], ''Soldiers of the Night: The Story of the French Resistance'', New American Library, 1980. {{ISBN|0-452-00612-0}}</ref> The Resistance militia were opposed by the collaborationist [[French Militia]]—the paramilitary police force of the [[Vichy France|German puppet state of Vichy]].

Although defunct from 1871 until 2016, the French National Guard has now been reestablished for homeland security purposes.<ref name="militarytimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2016/10/12/france-creates-national-guard-to-battle-terrorism/|title=France creates National Guard to battle terrorism|first=Sylvie|last=Corbet|date=October 12, 2016|website=Military Times}}</ref>