Editing Mile (section)

==Historical==
[[File:RomaForoRomanoMiliariumAureum.JPG|thumb|The supposed remains of the [[Milliarium Aureum|Golden Milestone]], the [[Kilometre zero|zero-mile marker]] of the [[Roman road network]], in the [[Roman Forum]]]]
{{anchor|Greek mile|Byzantine mile}}

===Roman===
The '''[[Roman units|Roman]] mile''' (''{{lang|la|{{linktext|mille passus}}}}'',<!--see talk page--> <small>{{abbr|lit.|literally}}</small>&nbsp;"thousand paces"; <small>{{abbr|abbr.|abbreviated}}</small>&nbsp;'''m.p.'''; also ''{{lang|la|milia passuum}}''{{refn|group=n|A [[partitive genitive]] construction literally meaning "one thousand of paces".{{sfnp|Lease|1905|p=211}} }} and ''{{lang|la|mille}}'') consisted of a thousand [[pace (unit)|pace]]s as measured by every other step—as in the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bassett |first1=David R. |last2=Mahar |first2=Matthew T. |last3=Rowe |first3=David A. |last4=Morrow |first4=James R. |date=2008 |title=Walking and Measurement |url=https://journals.lww.com/00005768-200807002-00004 |journal=Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |language=en |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=S529–S536 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c |issn=0195-9131|doi-access=free |pmid=18562970 }}</ref> When [[Roman legion]]aries were well-fed and harshly driven in good weather, they thus created longer miles. The distance was indirectly standardised by [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]]'s establishment of a standard [[Roman foot]] (Agrippa's own) in 29&nbsp;[[Before Christ|BC]],{{sfnp|Soren|1999|p=184}} and the definition of a pace as 5&nbsp;feet. An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000&nbsp;[[Roman feet]]. [[Agrimensor|Surveyors]] and specialised equipment such as the [[decempeda]] and [[dioptra]] then spread its use.{{sfn|Shuttleworth}}

In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about {{convert|1618|yard|m ft mi}} in length, slightly less than the {{convert|1760.|yard|m ft}} of the modern international mile.{{sfnp|Smith|1875|p=762}}

In [[Hellenistic period|Hellenic areas]] of the Empire, the Roman mile ({{langx|grc|μίλιον}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|mílion}}) was used beside the native [[Greek units]] as equivalent to 8 [[stadia (unit)|stadia]] of 600 [[Greek feet]]. The {{lang|grc-Latn|mílion}} continued to be used as a [[Byzantine units|Byzantine unit]] and was also used as the name of the [[zero mile marker]] for the [[Byzantine Empire]], the [[Milion]], located at the head of the [[Mese (Constantinople)|Mese]] near [[Hagia Sophia]].

The Roman mile spread throughout Europe, with its local variations giving rise to the different units.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} Also arising from the Roman mile is the [[milestone]]. All roads radiated out from the [[Roman Forum]] throughout the Empire – 50,000 (Roman) miles of stone-paved roads. At every mile was placed a shaped stone. Originally, these were [[Obelisk#Ancient Roman|obelisks]] made from granite, marble, or whatever local stone was available. On these was carved a [[Roman numeral]], indicating the number of miles from the centre of Rome – the Forum. Hence, one can know how far one is from Rome.<ref name="AdkinsAdkins2014">{{cite book|author1=Lesley Adkins|author2=Roy A. Adkins|author3=Both Professional Archaeologists Roy A Adkins|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGY1Sqjwf8kC&pg=PA199|date=14 May 2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7482-2|pages=199–}}</ref>

===Italian===
The '''[[Italian units|Italian]] mile''' (''{{lang|it|miglio}}'', <small>{{abbr|pl.|plural}}</small>&nbsp;''{{lang|it|miglia}}'') was traditionally considered a direct continuation of the Roman mile, equal to 1000 paces,<ref name=demorgan/> although [[Italian units of measurement#Length|its actual value over time or between regions]] could vary greatly.{{sfnp|Zupko|1981|loc="Miglio"}} It was often used in international contexts from the Middle Ages into the 17th century<ref name=demorgan>{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFAwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA231|title={{sc|xxxiv}} On Fernel's Measure of a Degree, in reply to Mr. Galloway's Remarks|last=De Morgan <!-- no forename attributed -->|pages=230–233|journal=The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science|date=12 February 1842|publisher=Taylor & Francis|language=en|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120041931/https://books.google.com/books?id=TFAwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA231|url-status=live}}</ref> and is thus also known as the "geographical mile",<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Young|editor-first=Norwood|series=Murray's Handbooks|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGwPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29|title=Handbook for Rome and the Campagna|date=1908|publisher=E. Stanford|language=en|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120041931/https://books.google.com/books?id=SGwPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29|url-status=live}}</ref> although the [[geographical mile]] is now a separate standard unit.

===Arabic===
{{Main|Arabic mile}}

The '''[[Arabic mile]]'''<!-- See talk page. --> ({{lang|ar|الميل}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-mīl}}) was not the common [[Arabic unit]] of [[units of length|length]]; instead, [[Arabs]] and [[Persian people|Persians]] traditionally used the longer [[parasang]] or "Arabic [[league (unit)|league]]". The Arabic mile was, however, used by [[medieval Arab geographers|medieval geographers]] and scientists and constituted a kind of precursor to the [[#Nautical|nautical]] or [[geographical mile]]. It extended the Roman mile to fit an [[Arabian astronomy|astronomical]] approximation of 1 [[arcminute]] of [[latitude]] measured directly north-and-south along a [[meridian (geography)|meridian]]. Although the precise value of the approximation remains disputed, it was somewhere between 1.8 and 2.0&nbsp;km.

===English===
{{See also|yard}}

The "'''old [[English units|English]] mile'''" of the [[medieval England|medieval]] and [[Early Modern England|early modern period]]s varied but seems to have measured about 1.3&nbsp;[[#International|international&nbsp;miles]] (2.1&nbsp;km).{{sfnp|Andrews|2003|p=70}}{{sfnp|Evans|1975|p=259}} The old English mile varied over time and location within England.{{sfnp|Evans|1975|p=259}} The old English mile has also been defined as 79,200 or 79,320 inches (1.25 or 1.2519 statute miles).{{sfnp|Chaney|1911|p=484}} The English long continued the Roman computations of the mile as 5,000 feet, 1,000 [[pace (unit)|paces]], or 8 longer divisions, which they equated with their "[[furrow]]'s length" or [[furlong]].{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}}

The origins of English units are "extremely vague and uncertain",{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} but seem to have been a combination of the [[Roman units|Roman system]] with native [[Welsh units|British]] and Germanic systems both derived from multiples of the [[barleycorn (unit)|barleycorn]].{{refn|group=n|The {{c.|lk=no|1300}} [[Composition of Yards and Perches]], a [[statutes of uncertain date|statute of uncertain date]] usually reckoned as an enactment of [[Edward I of England|Edward&nbsp;I]]{{sfn|NPL}} or [[Edward II of England|II]],{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} notionally continued to derive English units from three barleycorns "dry and round" to the inch{{sfn|NPL}} and this statute remained in force until the 1824 [[Weights and Measures Acts of the United Kingdom|Weights and Measures Act]] establishing the [[Imperial units|Imperial system]]. In practice, official measures were verified using the standards at the Exchequer or simply ignored.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=37}}}} Probably by the reign of [[Edgar, King of England|Edgar]] in the 10th century, the nominal [[prototype]] [[standard (metrology)|physical standard]] of English length was an arm-length iron bar (a yardstick) held by the [[kings of England|king]] at [[Winchester]];{{sfn|NPL}}{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} the foot was then one-third of its length. [[Henry I of England|Henry&nbsp;I]] was said to have made a new standard in 1101 based on his own arm.<!--Sic. No nose involved.-->{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} Following the issuance of [[Magna Carta]] in 1215, the [[baron (UK)|baron]]s of [[English Parliament|Parliament]] directed [[John Lackland|John]] and his son to keep the [[list of English kings|king]]'s standard measure (''{{lang|la|Mensura Domini Regis}}'') and [[Troy pound|weight]] at the [[Exchequer]],{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=8}} which thereafter verified local standards until its abolition in the 19th century. New [[brass]] standards are known to have been constructed under [[Henry VII of England|Henry&nbsp;VII]] and [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth&nbsp;I]].{{sfnp|Chisholm|1864|p=4}}

Arnold's {{c.|lk=no|1500}} ''Customs of London'' recorded a mile shorter than previous ones, coming to 0.947&nbsp;international&nbsp;miles (5,000 feet) or 1.524&nbsp;km.{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}}

====Statute====
{{Redirect|Statute mile|the current statute mile in the United Kingdom|#International|the statute mile in the United States|#US survey}}
{{anchor|Statute mile}} <!--linked from statute mile, land miles, etc. so kindly maintain anchor link.-->
The English '''statute mile''' was established by a [[Weights and Measures Acts of the United Kingdom|Weights and Measures]] [[Act of Parliament]] in 1593 during the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth&nbsp;I]]. The act on the [[Composition of Yards and Perches]] had shortened the length of the foot and its associated measures, causing the two methods of determining the mile to diverge.{{sfnp|Zupko|1977|pp=10–11, 20–21}} Owing to the importance of the surveyor's [[rod (unit)|rod]] in deeds and [[surveying]] undertaken under [[Henry VIII of England|Henry&nbsp;VIII]],{{sfnp|Burke|1978|loc=Ch.&nbsp;9}} decreasing the length of the rod by {{frac|1|11}} would have amounted to a significant [[land tax|tax]] increase. Parliament instead opted to maintain the mile of 8 [[furlongs]] (which were derived from the rod) and to increase the number of feet per mile from the old Roman value.{{sfnp|Adams|1990}} The applicable passage of the statute reads: "A Mile shall contain eight Furlongs, every Furlong forty Poles,{{refn|group=n|"Pole" being another name for the [[rod (unit)|rod]].}} and every Pole shall contain sixteen Foot and {{not a typo|an}} half."{{refn|Act 35 {{abbr|Eliz.&nbsp;I|Elizabeth I}} {{abbr|cap.|Chapter}} 6, {{abbr|s.|section}} 8.<ref name="statutes at large">{{cite book|title=Statutes at large from the first year of King Edward the fourth to the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KZFAAAAcAAJ |access-date=29 November 2011|volume=II |year=1763|page=676}}</ref>}} The statute mile therefore contained 5,280&nbsp;feet or 1,760&nbsp;yards.{{sfnp|Klein|1988|p=69}} The distance was not uniformly adopted. [[Robert Morden]] had multiple scales on his 17th-century maps which included continuing local values: his map of [[Hampshire]], for example, bore two different "miles" with a ratio of {{nowrap|1&thinsp;:&thinsp;1.23}}{{sfnp|Norgate|1998}} and his map of [[Dorset]] had three scales with a ratio of {{nowrap|1&thinsp;:&thinsp;1.23&thinsp;:&thinsp;1.41}}.{{sfnp|Morden|1695}} In both cases, the traditional local units remained longer than the statute mile. The English statute mile was superseded in 1959 by the [[#International|international mile]] by international agreement.

===Welsh===
The '''[[Welsh units|Welsh]]&nbsp;mile''' (''{{lang|cy|milltir}}'' or ''{{lang|cy|milldir}}'') was 3&nbsp;statute miles and 1,470&nbsp;yards long (6.17&nbsp;km). It comprised 9,000&nbsp;[[pace (unit)|pace]]s (''{{lang|cy|cam}}''), each of 3&nbsp;[[Welsh feet]] (''{{lang|cy|troedfedd}}'') of 9&nbsp;inches (''{{lang|cy|modfeddi}}'').{{sfnp|Owen|1841|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA90 Book&nbsp;II, Ch.&nbsp;XVII, §5]}} (The Welsh inch is usually reckoned as equivalent to the English inch.) Along with other [[Welsh units]], it was said to have been [[Molmutine Laws|codified]] under [[Dyfnwal Moelmud|Dyfnwal the Bald and Silent]] and [[Laws of Hywel Dda|retained unchanged]] by [[Hywel Dda|Hywel the Good]].{{sfnp|Owen|1841|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA89 Book&nbsp;II, Ch.&nbsp;XVII, §2]}} Along with other Welsh units, it was discontinued following the [[Edwardian Conquest of Wales|conquest]] of [[Principality of Wales|Wales]] by [[Edward I of England]] in the 13th century.

===Scots===
[[File:Edinburgh High Street.JPG|thumb|[[Edinburgh]]'s "[[Royal Mile]]"—running from [[Edinburgh Castle|the castle]] to [[Holyrood Abbey]]—is roughly a Scots mile&nbsp;long.<ref>{{cite book|title=Edinburgh 2000 visitors' guide|publisher=Collins|year=1999|page=31|isbn=978-0-004-49017-5}}</ref>]]

The '''[[Scots units|Scots]] mile''' was longer than the English mile,<ref name="SNL">{{cite book |chapter=mile |title=Dictionary of the Scottish Language – Scottish National Dictionary |chapter-url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/mile_n1 |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804010338/https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/mile_n1 |url-status=live }}</ref> as mentioned by [[Robert Burns]] in the first verse of his poem "[[Tam o' Shanter (Burns poem)|Tam o' Shanter]]". It comprised 8&nbsp;(Scots)&nbsp;furlongs divided into 320&nbsp;[[fall (Scots)|fall]]s or faws (Scots [[rod (unit)|rod]]s).<ref name="DOST">{{cite book |chapter=fall, faw |title=Dictionary of the Scottish Language – Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue |chapter-url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/fall_n_1 |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804012402/https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/fall_n_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> It varied from place to place but the most accepted equivalencies are 1,976&nbsp;[[Imperial system|Imperial]]&nbsp;yards (1.123 [[statute mile]]s or 1.81&nbsp;km).
It was legally abolished three times: first by a 1685 act of the [[Parliament of Scotland|Scottish Parliament]],<ref name="1685-4-83">{{Cite web|place=Edinburgh|date=23 April 1685|id=APS viii: 494 c.59|title=Act for a standard of miles|website=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland|url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1685/4/83|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044550/https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1685/4/83|url-status=live}}</ref> again by the 1707 [[Act of Union (1707)|Treaty of Union]] with England,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Act ratifying and approving the treaty of union of the two kingdoms of Scotland and England|date=3 October 1706|place=Edinburgh|website=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland|url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1706/10/257|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044539/https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1706/10/257|url-status=live}}</ref> and finally by the [[Weights and Measures Act 1824]].<ref name="SNL" /> It had continued in use as a customary unit through the 18th century but had become obsolete by its final abolition.

===Irish===
{{Main|Irish mile}}
[[File:Milestone, Mountbellow (geograph 5365674).jpg|thumb|Milestone on [[Mountbellew]] Bridge, erected {{Circa|1760}}. Distances are given in Irish miles.]]
The '''Irish mile''' (''{{lang|ga|míle}}'' or ''{{lang|ga|míle Gaelach}}'') measured 2,240 yards: approximately 1.27 statute miles or 2.048 kilometres.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc=[http://www.ibiblio.org/units/ "Irish mile"]}}<ref name=OSIfaq>{{cite web|author=Ordnance Survey Ireland |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx#faq7 |access-date=17 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228155031/http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx |archive-date=28 February 2012 |author-link=Ordnance Survey Ireland }}</ref> It was used in Ireland from the [[Plantations of Ireland|16th century plantations]] until the 19th century, with residual use into the 20th century. The units were based on "[[Imperial measure|English measure]]" but used a [[linear perch]] measuring {{convert|7|yard|metre}} as opposed to the English [[Rod (unit)|rod]] of {{convert|5.5|yard|metre}}.<ref name=OSIfaq />

===Danish===
Following its standardisation by [[Ole Rømer]] in the late 17th century, the '''Danish mile''' (''{{lang|da|mil}}'') was precisely equal to the [[Mile#German|Prussian mile]] and likewise divided into 24,000 feet.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="mil 4"}} These were sometimes treated as equivalent to 7.5&nbsp;km. Earlier values had varied: the {{lang|da|Sjællandske miil}}, for instance, had been 11.13&nbsp;km.

===Dutch===
[[File:Mercator scale.png|thumb|left|upright=1.3|alt=Scalebar on a Mercator map|Scalebar on a 16th-century map made by [[Gerardus Mercator|Mercator]]. The scalebar is expressed in "Hours walking or common Flemish miles", and includes three actual scales: small, medium and big Flemish miles.]]

The '''Dutch mile''' ({{lang|nl|mijl}}) has had different definitions throughout history. One of the older definitions was 5,600 [[ell]]s. But the length of an ell was not standardised, so that the length of a mile could range between 3,280&nbsp;m and 4,280&nbsp;m. In the sixteenth century, the Dutch had three different miles: small ({{lang|nl|kleine}}), medium ({{lang|nl|middelbaar/gemeen}}), and large ({{lang|nl|groote}}). The Dutch {{lang|nl|kleine}} mile had the historical definition of one hour's walking ({{lang|nl|uur gaans}}), which was defined as 24 stadia, 3000 paces, or 15,000 Amsterdam or Rhineland feet (respectively 4,250&nbsp;m or 4,710&nbsp;m). The common Dutch mile was 32 stadia, 4,000 paces, or 20,000 feet (5,660 m or 6,280 m). The large mile was defined as 5000 paces.<ref name="Apian Cosmographie">{{cite book |last1=Apian |first1=Petrus |title=Cosmographie, oft Beschryvinghe der geheelder werelt |date=1545 |publisher=de Bonte |page=xvii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDNhAAAAcAAJ |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> The common Dutch mile was preferred by mariners, equating with 15 to one degree of [[latitude]] or one degree of [[longitude]] on the [[equator]]. This was originally based upon [[Ptolemy]]'s underestimate of the Earth's circumference. The ratio of 15 Dutch miles to a degree remained fixed while the length of the mile was changed as with improved calculations of the circumference of the Earth. In 1617, [[Willebrord Snellius]] calculated a degree of the circumference of the Earth at 28,500 {{lang|nl|Rijnlantsche Roeden}} (within 3.5% of the actual value), which resulted in a Dutch mile of 1900 rods.<ref name="Metius">{{cite book |last1=Metius |first1=Adriaan Adriaansz |title=Fundamentale onderwijsinghe, aengaende de fabrica en het veelvoudigh gebruyck van het Astrolabium, soo catholicum als particulier |date=1627 |publisher=gedr. bij U. Balck |location=Netherlands |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1Wb9345orwC |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> By the mid-seventeenth century, map scales assigned 2000 rods to the common Dutch mile, which equalled around 7,535&nbsp;m (reducing the discrepancy with latitude measurement to less than 2%). The metric system was introduced in the Netherlands in 1816, and the metric mile became a synonym for the kilometre, being exactly 1,000&nbsp;m. Since 1870, the term {{lang|nl|mijl}} was replaced by the equivalent {{lang|nl|kilometer}}. Today, the word {{lang|nl|mijl}} is no longer used, except as part of certain proverbs and [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] terms like {{lang|nl|mijlenver}} ("miles away").

===German===
{{anchor|German mile|Austrian mile|Danish mile}}
[[File:Wegmasse1.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Various historic miles and leagues from an 1848 German textbook, given in feet, metres, and fractions of a "[[circle of longitude|degree of meridian]]"]]
The '''German mile''' ({{lang|de|Meile}}) was 24,000 German feet. The standardised '''Austrian mile''' used in southern Germany and the [[Austrian Empire]] was 7.586&nbsp;km; the '''Prussian mile''' used in northern Germany was 7.5325&nbsp;km. The Germans also used a longer version of the [[#Geographical|geographical mile]].

===Breslau===
{{anchor|Breslau mile}}
The '''Breslau mile''', used in [[Wrocław|Breslau]], and from 1630 officially in all of [[Silesia]], equal to 11,250 [[ell]]s, or about 6,700 meters. The mile equaled the distance from the Piaskowa Gate all the way to Psie Pole ([[Psie Pole|Hundsfeld]]). By rolling a circle with a radius of 5 ells through [[Wyspa Piasek|Piaskowa Island]], [[Ostrów Tumski, Wrocław|Ostrów Tumski]] and suburban tracts, passing eight bridges on the way, the standard Breslau mile was determined.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyklopedia Wrocławia|date=2000|publisher=Wydawn. Dolnośląskie|editor1=Jan Harasimowicz |editor2=Włodzimierz Suleja|isbn=83-7023-749-5|edition=Wyd. 1|location=Wrocław|oclc=46420892}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|title=Mikrokosmos : portret miasta środkowoeuropejskiego: Vratislava, Breslau, Wrocław|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn. Znak|others=Roger Moorhouse, Andrzej Pawelec|isbn=83-240-0172-7|edition=Wyd. 1|location=Kraków|oclc=50928641}}</ref>

===Saxon===
The '''Saxon post mile''' (''{{lang|de|kursächsische Postmeile}}'' or ''{{lang|de|Polizeimeile}}'', introduced on occasion of a survey of the Saxon roads in the 1700s, corresponded to 2,000 Dresden [[rod (unit)|rods]], equivalent to 9.062 kilometres.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.poststrassen-erleben.de/geschichten/historie-der-postsaeulen.html | title = Historie der Postsäulen | publisher = Forschungsgruppe Kursächsische Postmeilensäulen e.V. und 1. Sächsischer Postkutschenverein e.V. | language = de | access-date = 5 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170205182410/http://www.poststrassen-erleben.de/geschichten/historie-der-postsaeulen.html | archive-date = 5 February 2017 }}</ref>

===Hungarian===
{{anchor|Hungarian mile}}
The '''Hungarian mile''' (''{{lang|hu|mérföld}}'' or ''{{lang|hu|magyar mérföld}}'') varied from 8.3790&nbsp;km to 8.9374&nbsp;km before being standardised as 8.3536&nbsp;km.

===Portuguese===
{{anchor|Portuguese mile|Brazilian mile}}
The '''Portuguese&nbsp;mile''' (''{{lang|pt|milha}}'') used in Portugal and Brazil was 2.0873&nbsp;km prior to metrication.{{sfnp|Rowlett|2018|loc="milha"}}

===Russian===
{{anchor|Russian mile}}
The '''[[Obsolete Russian weights and measures|Russian]] mile''' ({{lang|ru|миля}} or {{lang|ru|русская миля}}, {{lang|ru-Latn|russkaya milya}}) was 7.468&nbsp;km, divided into 7 [[verst]]s.

===Croatian===
{{Anchor|Mile}}<!-- [[Croatian mile]] redirects here-->
{{anchor|Croatian mile}} The '''[[Croatian mile]]''' (''{{lang|hr|hrvatska milja}}''), first devised by the [[Jesuit]] [[Stjepan Glavač]] on a 1673 map, is the length of an arc of the equator subtended by {{sfrac|10}}° or 11.13&nbsp;km exactly.<ref>{{in lang|hr}} [http://public.carnet.hr/zuh/do1874/nv17/nv17_11.htm "Centuries of Natural Science in Croatia : Theory and Application"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102203839/http://public.carnet.hr/zuh/do1874/nv17/nv17_11.htm |date=2 January 2009 }}. Kartografija i putopisi.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/170966|title=Hrvatska milja na starim kartama|trans-title=The Croatian Mile on Old Maps|journal=Kartografija I Geoinformacije|location=Zagreb|publisher=Croatian Cartographic Society|volume=15|issue=25|year=2016|last1=Viličić|first1=Marina|last2=Lapaine|first2=Miljenko|pages=4–22|language=hr,en|format=PDF|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708152342/https://hrcak.srce.hr/170966|url-status=live}}</ref> The previous Croatian mile, now known as the "[[ban (title)|ban]] mile" (''{{lang|hr|banska milja}}''), had been the Austrian mile given above.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/232/Mrvice%20s%20banskoga%20stola/|title=Mrvice s banskoga stola|last=Opačić|first=Nives|magazine=[[Vijenac]]|issue=232|date=23 February 2003|location=Zagreb|publisher=[[Matica hrvatska]]|language=hr|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214030504/http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/232/Mrvice%20s%20banskoga%20stola/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Ottoman===
The '''[[Ottoman units of measurement|Ottoman mile]]''' was 1,894.35 m, which was equal to 5,000 Ottoman foot. After 1933, the Ottoman mile was replaced with the modern Turkish mile (1,853.181&nbsp;m).

===Japanese===
The [[CJK Compatibility]] [[Unicode block]] contains square-format versions of Japanese names for measurement units as written in [[katakana]] script.
Among them, there is {{unichar|3344}}, after {{lang|ja|マイル}} {{Transliteration|ja|mairu}}.