Editing Mexia, Texas (section)

==History==
[[File:Great_Mexia_Oilfields,_Activity_Around_Mills_Corner._(7590844854).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Mexia Oilfields 1920s.]]
[[File:Corsicana and Powell oil fields geologic map.jpg|thumb|300px|Mexia-Groesbeck gas oil field [[geological map]]]]
Mexia was founded as a town in the 19th century. Inhabitants occupied the Fort Parker settlement near the Navasota river. The area is near where the rolling hills of the great plains begin. The hills provided grazing land for the buffalo herds, which plains Indians depended upon for sustenance. Many hunting artifacts from Native American people have been found in the creek beds and draws around Mexia. The [[Comanche]] tribe came into conflict with the white settlers in this area. The abduction of [[Cynthia Ann Parker]] took place at Fort Parker. Comanches raided the fort and took the nine-year-old Parker girl. She lived among the Comanche people into adulthood and was the mother of [[Quanah Parker]], the last Comanche war chief.

Mexia is at the intersection of US Highway 84 and State highways 14 and 171, twelve miles northeast of Groesbeck in northeastern Limestone County. It was named for the Mexía family, who in 1833 received an eleven-league land grant that included what is now the townsite. The town was laid out in 1870 by a trustee of the Houston and Texas Central Townsite Company, which offered lots for sale in 1871, as the Houston and Texas Central Railway was completed between Hearne and Groesbeck. The Mexia post office began operation in 1872, and the community was incorporated with a mayoral form of government in 1873 by an act of the legislature.  J.C. Yarbro was the first mayor.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Memorial and Biographical History of Navarro, Henderson, Anderson, Limestone, Freestone and Leon Counties, Texas|date=1893|publisher=Lewis Publishing Company|location=Chicago|page=358|url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth46827/m1/356/sizes/l/|access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref>  The city's first newspaper, the Ledger, was established in Fairfield in 1869 and moved to Mexia in 1872. By 1880 Mexia also had four schools, three churches, and a variety of businesses to serve its 1,800 residents; by 1885 the town had a gas works, an opera house, two banks, two sawmills, and 2,000 residents. The Mexia Democrat was established in 1887 and the Weekly News in 1898. Between 1904 and 1906 the Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway built track between Hillsboro and Houston, making Mexia a commercial crossroads for area farmers.

In 1912 the Mexia Gas and Oil Company drilled ten dry holes, but in the eleventh attempt discovered a large natural gas deposit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Matson |first1=George |title=GAS PROSPECTS SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST OF DALLAS, in NATURAL GAS RESOURCES OF PARTS OF NORTH TEXAS, USGS Bulletin 629 |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0629/report.pdf |publisher=USGS |access-date=2 August 2020 |page=88 |date=1916}}</ref> The Mexia oilfield was discovered in 1920, by Colonel Albert E. Humphreys and his geologist [[Fohs Hall|F. Julius Fohs]].  Oil production peaked in November 1921 at 53,000 [[BOPD]].<ref name=oo>{{cite book |last1=Olien |first1=Diana |last2=Olien |first2=Roger |title=Oil in Texas, The Gusher Age, 1895-1945 |date=2002 |publisher=University of Texas Press |location=Austin |isbn=0292760566 |pages=118–125}}</ref>   The population of Mexia increased from 3,482 to nearly 35,000. The rapid growth was excessive for local authorities, and for a short time in 1922 Mexia was under martial law. That year, production for the Mexia field was 35 million barrels produced. Cumulative production of the field totaled 108 million barrels by the mid-1980s. In 1924 Mexia residents passed a new city charter that changed the local government to a city manager system. After the initial oil boom, the population of Mexia declined to 10,000 by the mid-1920s. The prosperity generated by the boom continued until the 1930s, when the Great Depression forced many people to leave in search of work. The number of residents stabilized at 6,500 in the early 1930s, but the number of businesses fell from 280 to 190. In 1942 a camp for prisoners of war was established at Mexia; the facility was converted in 1947 for use as the Mexia State School, which became one of the community's principal employers. The population was reported as 6,618 in the early 1950s, 5,943 in the early 1970s, 7,172 in the late 1980s, and 6,933 in 1990. In 2000 the population was listed as 6,563.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smyrl|first=Vivian Elizabeth|title=Mexia, TX|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hfm04|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref>

Mexia made national news in 1981, when three young black men drowned in Lake Mexia after being taken into custody by law enforcement officers for possession of [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] during the annual [[Juneteenth]] celebration.<ref name="juneteenth">{{cite news| last = Coleman| first = Jonathan| title = Juneteenth| work = [[The Texas Observer]]| date = 2001-06-22| url = http://www.texasobserver.org/article.php?aid=234|access-date = 2009-06-16}}</ref> Carl Baker, 19; Anthony Freeman, 18; and Steven Booker, 19; drowned after a boat used to transport them across the lake, which was also occupied by three officers, capsized less than 100 feet from shore. Two police officers and one probation officer who had been in the boat were tried for the offense of criminally negligent homicide, but all were acquitted by a jury in Dallas.<ref name="juneteenth"/>

Mexia also made news when its former resident [[Anna Nicole Smith]] died,<ref>{{cite news| last = Brown| first = Angela K.| title = Some in Smith's Hometown Not So Warm| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]| date = 2007-02-09| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/09/AR2007020902105.html| access-date = 2009-06-16}}</ref> and when [[Allen Stanford]] was arrested on allegations of fraud in 2009.<ref name="stanford"/>

The city of Mexia, the confusion over its correct pronunciation and the city motto are all the subject of an Act 1 Aria in [[Mark-Anthony Turnage]]'s Opera [[Anna Nicole]] staged by the [[Royal Opera House]], Covent Garden, [[London]].  Various imagined residents such as the Town Mayor and head of the Chamber of Commerce also feature alongside of the Operas namesake.