Editing Medical uses of silver (section)

===Antibacterial cream===
{{see also|Silver sulfadiazine}}

Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a [[topical antibiotic]] used in partial thickness and full thickness [[burn]]s to prevent infection.<ref name="Medici et al 2016" /><ref name=Ros2013>{{cite book| vauthors = Marx J, Walls R, Hockberger R |title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455749874|page=814|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uggC0i_jXAsC&pg=PA814|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913112905/https://books.google.ca/books?id=uggC0i_jXAsC&pg=PA814|archive-date=2016-09-13}}</ref> It was discovered in the 1960s,<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Coran AG, Caldamone A, Adzick NS, Krummel TM, Laberge JM, Shamberger R |title=Pediatric Surgery|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323091619|page=369|edition=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpabASTwF_sC&pg=PA369|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913123107/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QpabASTwF_sC&pg=PA369|archive-date=2016-09-13}}</ref> and was the standard topical antimicrobial for burn wounds for decades.<ref><!--This is before Pulsus journals were acquired by OMICS, meaning this not a predatory source -->{{cite journal | vauthors = Adhya A, Bain J, Ray O, Hazra A, Adhikari S, Dutta G, Ray S, Majumdar BK | display-authors = 6 | title = Healing of burn wounds by topical treatment: A randomized controlled comparison between silver sulfadiazine and nano-crystalline silver | journal = Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–34 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25538469 | pmc = 4268627 | doi = 10.4103/0976-0105.145776 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gomes MT, Campos GR, Piccolo N, França CM, Guedes GH, Lopes F, Belotto RA, Pavani C, Lima RD, Silva DF | display-authors = 6 | title = Experimental burns: Comparison between silver sulfadiazine and photobiomodulation | journal = Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira | volume = 63 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–34 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28225874 | doi = 10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.29 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

However systemic reviews in 2014, 2017 and 2018 concluded that more modern treatments, both with and without silver, show better results for wound healing and infection-prevention than silver sulfadiazine,<ref name=pmid24899251>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rashaan ZM, Krijnen P, Klamer RR, Schipper IB, Dekkers OM, Breederveld RS | title = Nonsilver treatment vs. silver sulfadiazine in treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Wound Repair and Regeneration | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 473–482 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24899251 | doi = 10.1111/wrr.12196 | s2cid = 19224002 }}</ref><ref name=pmid28161149>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nherera LM, Trueman P, Roberts CD, Berg L | title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes associated with nanocrystalline silver use compared to alternative silver delivery systems in the management of superficial and deep partial thickness burns | journal = Burns | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 939–948 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28161149 | doi = 10.1016/j.burns.2017.01.004 }}</ref><ref name=pmid29903603>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nímia HH, Carvalho VF, Isaac C, Souza FÁ, Gemperli R, Paggiaro AO | title = Comparative study of Silver Sulfadiazine with other materials for healing and infection prevention in burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Burns | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 282–292 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 29903603 | doi = 10.1016/j.burns.2018.05.014 | hdl-access = free | hdl = 11449/171102 | s2cid = 49215672 }}</ref> and therefore SSD is no longer generally recommended.<ref name=Was2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wasiak J, Cleland H, Campbell F, Spinks A | title = Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2013 | issue = 3 | pages = CD002106 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23543513 | pmc = 7065523 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002106.pub4 | quote = It is impossible to draw firm and confident conclusions about the effectiveness of specific dressings, however silver sulphadiazine was consistently associated with poorer healing outcomes than biosynthetic, silicon-coated and silver dressings whilst hydrogel-treated burns had better healing outcomes than those treated with usual care. }}</ref><ref name=Hey2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heyneman A, Hoeksema H, Vandekerckhove D, Pirayesh A, Monstrey S | title = The role of silver sulphadiazine in the conservative treatment of partial thickness burn wounds: A systematic review | journal = Burns | volume = 42 | issue = 7 | pages = 1377–1386 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27126813 | doi = 10.1016/j.burns.2016.03.029 | hdl-access = free | hdl = 1854/LU-8507323 }}</ref>

It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free | last1 = Organization | first1 = World Health }}</ref> The US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved a number of topical preparations of silver sulfadiazine for treatment of second-degree and third-degree burns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/Scripts/cder/DrugsatFDA/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails|title=Drugs@FDA|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|access-date=2010-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813131107/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails|archive-date=2014-08-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>