Editing Maya calendar (section)

==Haabʼ==
{|class="wikitable" 
|+ '''Haabʼ months''': names and [[Maya script|glyphs]]<ref>Kettunen and Helmke (2020), pp.&nbsp;58–59</ref> in sequence
! Seq.<br/>Num.
! Yucatec <br/>name
! Hieroglyph<br/>
! Classic Period 
glyph sign
! Meaning of glyph<br/><ref>These names come from de Landa's description of the calendar and they are commonly used by Mayanists, but the Classic Maya did not use these actual names for the day signs. The original names are unknown. See {{cite book |author=Coe, Michael D. |author-link=Michael D. Coe |author2=Mark L Van Stone |author2-link=Mark L Van Stone |date=2005 |title=Reading the Maya Glyphs |publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=London |isbn=978-0-500-28553-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/readingmayaglyph0000coem/page/43 43] |url=https://archive.org/details/readingmayaglyph0000coem/page/43 }}</ref>
!Reconstructed Classic Maya
|-
! 1
|'''Pop''' ||{{Haab20|0}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 0 - Pop.svg|71x71px]]||
|k'anjalaw
|-
! 2
|'''Woʼ''' ||{{Haab20|1}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 1 - Wo.svg|71x71px]]||
|ik'at
|-
! 3
|'''Sip''' ||{{Haab20|2}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 2 - Sip.svg|71x71px]]||
|chakat
|-
! 4
|'''Sotzʼ''' ||{{Haab20|3}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-03-sotz'.svg|71x71px]]||bat
|sotz'
|-
! 5
|'''Sek''' ||{{Haab20|4}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 4 - Sek.svg|71x71px]]||
|kaseew
|-
! 6
|'''Xul''' ||{{Haab20|5}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-05-xul.svg|71x71px]]||
|chikin
|-
! 7
|'''Yaxkʼin''' ||{{Haab20|6}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 6 - Yaxk'in.svg|71x71px]]||
|yaxk'in
|-
! 8
|'''Mol''' ||{{Haab20|7}} 
|[[File:Maya months - 7 - Mol.svg|71x71px]]||
|mol
|-
! 9
|'''Chʼen''' ||{{Haab20|8}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-08-ch'en.svg|71x71px]]||black<ref name=CoeVanstone43/>
|ik'siho'm
|-
! 10
|'''Yax''' ||{{Haab20|9}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-09-yax.svg|71x71px]]||green<ref name=CoeVanstone43>{{cite book |author=Coe, Michael D. |author-link=Michael D. Coe |author2=Mark L Van Stone |author2-link=Mark L Van Stone |date=2005 |title=Reading the Maya Glyphs |publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=London |isbn=978-0-500-28553-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/readingmayaglyph0000coem/page/43 43] |url=https://archive.org/details/readingmayaglyph0000coem/page/43 }}</ref>
|yaxsiho'm
|-
! 11
|'''Sak''' ||{{Haab20|10}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-10-sak.svg|71x71px]]||white<ref name=CoeVanstone43/>
|saksiho'm
|-
! 12
|'''Keh''' ||{{Haab20|11}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-11-kej.svg|71x71px]]||red<ref name=CoeVanstone43/>
|chaksiho'm
|-
! 13
|'''Mak''' ||{{Haab20|12}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-12-mak.svg|71x71px]]||
|mak
|-
! 14
|'''Kʼankʼin''' ||{{Haab20|13}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-13-k'ank'in.svg|71x71px]]||
|uniiw
|-
! 15
|'''Muwan''' ||{{Haab20|14}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-14-muwan.svg|71x71px]]||
|muwaan
|-
! 16
|'''Pax''' ||{{Haab20|15}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-15-pax.svg|71x71px]]||
|paxiil
|-
! 17
|'''Kʼayab'''||{{Haab20|16}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-16-k'ayab'.svg|71x71px]]||
|k'anasiiy
|-
! 18
|'''Kumkʼu''' ||{{Haab20|17}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-17-kumk'u.svg|71x71px]]||
|ohl
|-
! 19
|'''Wayebʼ''' ||{{Haab20|18}} 
|[[File:Maya-months-18-wayeb'.svg|71x71px]]||five unlucky days
|wayhaab
|}

{{Main|Haabʼ}}

The Haabʼ was made up of eighteen months of twenty days each plus a period of five days ("nameless days") at the end of the year known as ''Wayeb''' (or ''Uayeb'' in 16th-century orthography). The five days of Wayebʼ were thought to be a dangerous time. Foster (2002) writes, "During Wayeb, portals between the mortal realm and the Underworld dissolved. No boundaries prevented the ill-intending deities from causing disasters." To ward off these evil spirits, the Maya had customs and rituals they practiced during Wayebʼ. For example, people avoided leaving their houses and washing or combing their hair. Bricker (1982) estimates that the Haabʼ was first used around 550&nbsp;BC with a starting point of the [[winter solstice]].<ref>Zero Pop actually fell on the same day as the solstice on 12/27/−575, 12/27/−574, 12/27/−573 and 12/26/−572 ([[astronomical year numbering]], [[Universal Time]]), if you don't account for the fact that the Maya region is in roughly time zone UT−6. See [http://www.imcce.fr/en/grandpublic/temps/saisons.php IMCCE seasons]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823124027/http://www.imcce.fr/en/grandpublic/temps/saisons.php |date=August 23, 2012 }}</ref>

The Haabʼ month names are known today by their corresponding names in colonial-era [[Yucatec Maya language|Yukatek Maya]], as transcribed by 16th-century sources (in particular, [[Diego de Landa]] and books such as the ''[[Chilam Balam]]'' of Chumayel). Phonemic analyses of Haabʼ glyph names in pre-Columbian [[Maya script|Maya inscriptions]] have demonstrated that the names for these twenty-day periods varied considerably from region to region and from period to period, reflecting differences in the base language(s) and usage in the Classic and Postclassic eras predating their recording by Spanish sources.<ref>Boot (2002), pp.&nbsp;111–114.</ref>

Each day in the Haabʼ calendar was identified by a day number in the month followed by the name of the month. Day numbers began with a glyph translated as the "seating of" a named month, which is usually regarded as day 0 of that month, although a minority treat it as day 20 of the month preceding the named month. In the latter case, the seating of Pop is day 5 of Wayebʼ. For the majority, the first day of the year was 0&nbsp;Pop (the seating of Pop). This was followed by 1&nbsp;Pop, 2&nbsp;Pop as far as 19&nbsp;Pop then 0&nbsp;Wo, 1 Wo and so on.

Because the Haabʼ had 365 days and the [[tropical year]] is 365.2422 days, the days of the Haabʼ did not coincide with the tropical year.