Editing Max Weber (section)

===Marriage, early work, and breakdown<!--Weber Circle redirects here-->===

[[File:Max and Marianne Weber 1894.jpg|thumb|upright|Max Weber and his wife Marianne in 1894|alt=Max Weber, right, and Marianne, left, in 1894]]

From 1887 until her declining mental health caused him to break off their relationship five years later, Weber had a relationship and semi-engagement with Emmy Baumgarten, the daughter of Hermann Baumgarten.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=39–40, 562|2a1=Kaelber|2y=2003|2pp=36–38}} Afterwards, he began a relationship with his distant cousin [[Marianne Weber|Marianne Schnitger]] in 1893 and married her on 20 September of that year.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1p=564|2a1=Kaesler|2y=2014|2pp=329–332, 362}} The marriage gave Weber financial independence, allowing him to leave his parents' household.{{sfn|Kaelber|2003|pp=39–40}} They had no children.{{sfnm|1a1=Allan|1y=2005|1p=146|2a1=Frommer|2a2=Frommer|2y=1993|2p=165|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3p=45}} Marianne was a [[Feminist movement|feminist activist]] and an author in her own right.{{sfnm|1a1=Kim|1y=2022|2a1=Lengermann|2a2=Niebrugge-Brantley|2y=1998|2p=193|3a1=Frommer|3a2=Frommer|3y=1993|3p=165}} Academically, between the completion of his dissertation and habilitation, Weber took an interest in contemporary [[social policy]]. He joined the {{Lang|de|[[Verein für Socialpolitik]]}} ("Association for Social Policy") in 1888.{{sfnm|1a1=Poggi|1y=2006|1p=5|2a1=Kaesler|2y=2014|2p=270|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3p=563}} The {{Lang|de|Verein}} was an organisation of reformist thinkers who were generally members of the [[historical school of economics]].{{sfn|Swedberg|Agevall|2016|pp=370–371}} He also involved himself in politics, participating in the founding of the left-leaning [[Evangelical Social Congress]] in 1890. It applied a [[Protestant]] perspective to the political debate regarding the [[social question]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1p=346|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=563}} In the same year, the {{Lang|de|Verein}} established a research program to examine the {{Lang|de|[[Ostflucht]]}}, which was the western migration of ethnically German agricultural labourers from [[East Elbia|eastern Germany]] and the corresponding influx of Polish farm workers into it. Weber was put in charge of the study and wrote a large part of the final report, which generated considerable attention and controversy, marking the beginning of his renown as a social scientist.{{sfnm|1a1=Kim|1y=2022|2a1=Poggi|2y=2006|2p=5|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3pp=79–82}}

From 1893 to 1899, Weber was a member of the [[Pan-German League]] ({{Langx|de|Alldeutscher Verband|label=none}}), an organisation that campaigned against the influx of Polish workers. The degree of his support for the [[Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions|Germanisation of Poles]] and similar nationalist policies continues to be debated by scholars.{{sfnm|1a1=Mommsen|1a2=Steinberg|1y=1984|1pp=54–56|2a1=Hobsbawm|2y=1987|2p=152|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3pp=564–565}} Weber and his wife moved to [[Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg]] in 1894, where he was appointed professor of economics at the [[University of Freiburg]].{{sfnm|1a1=Bendix|1a2=Roth|1y=1977|1pp=1–2|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=564|3a1=Honigsheim|3y=2017|3p=239}} During his tenure there, in 1895, he gave a provocative lecture titled "The Nation State and Economic Policy". In it, he criticised Polish immigration and argued that the [[Junker (Prussia)|Junker]]s were encouraging Slavic immigration to serve their economic interests over those of the German nation.{{sfnm|1a1=Aldenhoff-Hübinger|1y=2004|1p=148|2a1=Craig|2y=1988|2p=18|3a1=Mommsen|3a2=Steinberg|3y=1984|3pp=38–39}} It influenced the politician [[Friedrich Naumann]] to create the [[National-Social Association]], which was a [[Christian socialist]] and [[nationalist]] political organisation.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=429–431|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=134–135|3a1=Mommsen|3a2=Steinberg|3y=1984|3pp=123–126}} Weber was pessimistic regarding the association's ability to succeed, and it dissolved after winning a single seat in the Reichstag during the [[1903 German federal election]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=436–441|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=134–135, 330|3a1=Mommsen|3a2=Steinberg|3y=1984|3pp=126–130}} In 1896, he accepted an appointment to a chair in economics and finance at [[Heidelberg University]].{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1p=564|2a1=Bendix|2a2=Roth|2y=1977|2pp=1–2|3a1=Kaesler|3y=2014|3p=455}} There, Weber and his wife became the central figures in the eponymous '''Weber Circle'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA-->, which included [[Georg Jellinek]], [[Ernst Troeltsch]], and [[Werner Sombart]]. Younger scholars, such as [[György Lukács]] and [[Robert Michels]], also joined it.{{sfnm|1a1=Kim|1y=2022|2a1=Honigsheim|2y=2017|2pp=ix–x}}

In 1897, Weber had a severe quarrel with his father. Weber Sr. died two months later, leaving the argument unresolved.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=65–66|2a1=Kim|2y=2022|3a1=Weber|3y=1999|3p=7}} Afterwards, Weber became increasingly prone to depression, nervousness, and [[insomnia]], which made it difficult for him to fulfill his duties as a professor.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=65–69|2a1=Bendix|2a2=Roth|2y=1977|2pp=1–2|3a1=Frommer|3a2=Frommer|3y=1993|3pp=163–164}} His condition forced him to seek an exemption from his teaching obligations, which he was granted in 1899. He spent time in the {{Lang|de|Heilanstalt für Nervenkranke Konstanzer Hof}} in 1898 and in a different [[sanatorium]] in [[Bad Urach]] in 1900.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=472, 476–477|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=143}} Weber also travelled to [[Corsica]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] between 1899 and 1903 in order to alleviate his illness.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1p=143|2a1=Kaesler|2y=2014|2p=485|3a1=Bendix|3a2=Roth|3y=1977|3pp=2–3}} He fully withdrew from teaching in 1903 and did not return to it until 1918.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1p=143}} Weber thoroughly described his ordeal with mental illness in a personal [[chronology]] that his widow later destroyed. Its destruction was possibly caused by Marianne's fear that his work would have been discredited by the Nazis if his experience with mental illness were widely known.{{sfnm|1a1=Weber|1y=1964|1pp=641–642|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=170–171}}