Editing Max Ernst (section)

==World War II and later life==
[[File:L'Ange du Foyeur.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|One of two versions of ''L'Ange du Foyer'' or ''The Angel of Hearth and Home'' (1937) oil on canvas, 112.5 x 144 cm., private collection]]
In September 1939, the outbreak of [[World War II]] caused Ernst, being German, to be interned as an "undesirable foreigner" in [[Camp des Milles]], near [[Aix-en-Provence]], along with fellow surrealist, [[Hans Bellmer]], who had recently emigrated to Paris. He had been living with his lover and fellow surrealist painter, [[Leonora Carrington]] who, not knowing whether he would return, saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain. Thanks to the intercession of [[Paul Éluard]] and other friends, including the journalist [[Varian Fry]], he was released a few weeks later. Soon after the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]], he was arrested again, this time by the [[Gestapo]], but managed to escape to America with the help of Fry and [[Peggy Guggenheim]], a member of a wealthy American art collecting family.<ref name=abc>{{Cite web|last=Olga's Gallery|title=Max Ernst biography|url=http://www.abcgallery.com/E/ernst/ernstbio.html}}</ref> Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Iyengar|first1=Rishi|title=New Google Doodle Honors Surrealist Painter Leonora Carrington|url=https://time.com/3771801/google-doodle-leonora-carrington-surrealist-painter/|access-date=6 April 2015|magazine=Time|date=6 April 2015}}</ref> Along with other artists and friends ([[Marcel Duchamp]] and [[Marc Chagall]]) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City, Ernst helped inspire the development of [[abstract expressionism]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Max Ernst: German Painter and Sculptor |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ernst-max/|access-date=|website=theartstory}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Max Ernst|url=https://www.ordovasart.com/artist/max-ernst/#:~:text=Max%20Ernst%20was%20one%20of,to%20hold%20great%20sway%20today|access-date=|website=Ordovasart}}</ref>

His marriage to Guggenheim did not last. In October 1946 he married American [[Surrealism|surrealist]] painter [[Dorothea Tanning]] in a double ceremony with [[Man Ray]] and Juliet P. Browner in [[Beverly Hills, California]].<ref name="Juliet's obituary">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/21/obituaries/juliet-man-ray-79-the-artist-s-model-and-muse-is-dead.html | title=Juliet Man Ray, 79, The Artist's Model And Muse, Is Dead | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=21 January 1991 | access-date=3 December 2014 | author=Flint, Peter B.}}</ref> The couple made their home in [[Sedona, Arizona]] from 1946 to 1953, where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernst's earlier imagery.{{sfn|Waldman|1975|p={{page needed|date=December 2021}}}} Although Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers, orchard workers, merchants and small Native American communities, their presence helped begin what would become an American [[artists' colony]]. Among the monumental red rocks, Ernst built a small cottage with his own hands on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as [[Henri Cartier-Bresson]] and [[Yves Tanguy]]. Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst, who compiled his book ''Beyond Painting'' and completed his sculptural masterpiece ''Capricorn'' while living in Sedona. As a result of the book and its publicity, Ernst began to achieve financial success. From the 1950s he lived mainly in France. In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the [[Venice Biennale]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/max-ernst-1065 | work = Tate Etc. | title = Max Ernst 1891–1976}}</ref> He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]].<ref name=abc/>