Editing Massage (section)

=== Ancient times ===
Archaeological evidence of massage has been found in many ancient civilizations including [[China]], [[India]], [[Japan]], [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], [[Greece]], and [[Mesopotamia]].

2330 BC: The Tomb of Akmanthor<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Akmanthor.jpg&nbsp;— Wikimedia Commons |date=22 February 2004 |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akmanthor.jpg |access-date=15 August 2012 |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org}}</ref> (also known as "The Tomb of the Physician") in [[Saqqara]], Egypt, depicts two men having work done on their feet and hands, possibly depicting a massage.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Krapp |first1=Kristine M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJNqAAAAMAAJ&q=Egypt,+depicts+two+men+having+work+done+on+their+feet+and+hands,+possibly+depicting+a+massage |title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine |last2=Longe |first2=Jacqueline L. |date=2001 |publisher=Gale Group |isbn=978-0-7876-5002-5 |pages=1470 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Akmanthor.jpg|thumb|Akmanthor]]

1363–912 BC: The word ''muššuʾu'' ("massage") is written for the first time on a [[Middle Assyrian Empire|Middle Assyrian]] tablet. Its use is described in a list of recipes concerning diseases of the foot.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sibbing-Plantholt |first=Irene |date=January–April 2013 |title=Book review BÖCK, B. — Das Handbuch Muššu’u 'Einreibung'. |url=https://www.academia.edu/4154039/_2013_Book_review_B%C3%96CK_B_Das_Handbuch_Mu%C5%A1%C5%A1u_u_Einreibung_Bibliotheca_Orientalis_70_1_2_130_132 |journal=Bibliotheca Orientalis |volume=70 |issue=1-2 |pages=130–132 |via=Academia.edu}}</ref>

722–481 BC: ''[[Huangdi Neijing]]'' is composed during the Chinese [[Spring and Autumn period]]. The Nei-jing is a compilation of medical knowledge known up to that date, and is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine. Massage is referred to in 30 different chapters of the Nei Jing. It specifies the use of different massage techniques and how they should be used in the treatment of specific ailments, and injuries. Also known as "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon," the text refers to previous medical knowledge from the time of the [[Yellow Emperor]] ({{circa|2700{{nbsp}}BC}}), misleading some into believing the text itself was written during the time of the Yellow Emperor (which would predate written history).<ref>Kellogg, J. H. (1895). ''The Art of Massage'', p. 9.</ref><ref>Calvert, Robert Noah (2002). ''The History of Massage'', p. 35.</ref><ref>Steinfeld, Alan (2003). ''Careers in Alternative Medicine'', p. 48.</ref><ref name=Claire />

762 BC: In the Iliad and the Odyssey, massage with oils and aromatic substances is mentioned as a means to relax the tired limbs of warriors and as a way to help the treatment of wounds.<ref name=":0" />

700 BC: [[Bian Que]], the earliest known Chinese physician, uses massage in medical practice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bian Que: A Legendary Doctor |url=http://english.eastday.com/e/zx/userobject1ai4059567.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807223016/http://english.eastday.com/e/zx/userobject1ai4059567.html |archive-date=7 August 2014 |access-date=5 August 2014 |website=www.english.eastday.com/}}</ref>

500 BC: [[Jīvaka|Jīvaka Komarabhācca]] was an Indian physician who according to the Pāli [[Buddhist]] Canon was [[Shakyamuni Buddha]]'s physician. Jivaka is sometimes credited with founding and developing a style of massage that led to the type of massage practiced in modern Thailand. Though this claim is disputed.

493 BC: A possible biblical reference documents daily "treatments" with oil of [[myrrh]] as a part of the beauty regimen of the wives of Xerxes ([[Esther]], 2:12).<ref name="nccam">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2006 |title=Massage Therapy as CAM |url=http://nccih.nih.gov/health/massage/ |access-date=26 September 2007 |publisher=The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)}}</ref>

460 BC: [[Hippocrates]] wrote "The physician must be experienced in many things, but assuredly in rubbing."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Massage therapy |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/Massage_therapy |access-date=5 September 2006 |website=www.health.harvard.edu|date=September 2006 }}</ref>

300 BC: [[Charaka Samhita]], sometimes dated to 800 BCE, is one of the oldest of the three ancient treatises of [[Ayurvedic]] medicine, including massage. [[Sanskrit]] records indicate that massage had been practiced in India long before the beginning of recorded history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayurveda, History of Ayurveda |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46631/Ayurveda/281886/History-of-Ayurveda |access-date=5 August 2014 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>

AD 1st or 2nd: [[Galen]] mentioned Diogas (Διόγας) who was an ''iatralipta'' (ἰατραλείπτης) (rubber and anointer/physiotherapist).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DD%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Ddiogas-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Diogas]</ref>

AD 581: China establishes a department of massage therapy within the Office of Imperial Physicians.