Editing Mary I of England (section)

==Adolescence==
Although various possibilities for Mary's marriage had been considered, the marriage of Mary's parents was itself in jeopardy, which threatened her status. Disappointed at the lack of a male heir, and eager to remarry, Henry attempted to have his marriage to Catherine [[annulled]], but [[Pope Clement VII]] refused his request. Henry claimed, citing biblical passages ([[Leviticus]] 20:21), that the marriage was unclean because Catherine was the widow of his brother [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]] (Mary's uncle). Catherine claimed that her marriage to Arthur was never [[consummate]]d and so was not a valid marriage. [[Pope Julius II]] issued a dispensation on that basis. Clement VII may have been reluctant to act because he was influenced by Charles V, Catherine's nephew and Mary's former betrothed, whose troops had [[Sack of Rome (1527)|sacked Rome]] in the [[War of the League of Cognac]].<ref>Porter, pp. 56, 78; Whitelock, p. 40.</ref>

From 1531, Mary was often sick with irregular menstruation and depression, although it is not clear whether this was caused by stress, puberty, or a more deep-seated disease.<ref>Waller, p. 27.</ref> She was not permitted to see her mother, whom Henry had sent to live away from court.<ref>Porter, p. 76; Whitelock, p. 48.</ref> In early 1533, Henry married [[Anne Boleyn]], and in May [[Thomas Cranmer]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], formally declared the marriage with Catherine void and the marriage to Anne valid. Henry repudiated the Pope's authority, declaring himself Supreme Head of the [[Church of England]]. Catherine was demoted to Dowager Princess of Wales (a title she would have held as Arthur's widow), and Mary was deemed illegitimate. She was styled "The Lady Mary" rather than Princess, and her place in the line of succession was transferred to Henry and Anne's newborn daughter, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]].<ref>Porter, p. 92; Whitelock, pp. 55–56.</ref> Mary's household was dissolved;<ref>Loades, p. 77; Porter, p. 92; Whitelock, p. 57.</ref> her servants (including the Countess of Salisbury) were dismissed; and, in December 1533, she was sent to join her infant half-sister's household at [[Hatfield Palace]], Hertfordshire.<ref>Loades, p. 78; Whitelock, p. 57.</ref>

Mary determinedly refused to acknowledge that Anne was the queen or that Elizabeth was a princess, enraging King Henry.<ref>Porter, pp. 97–101; Whitelock, pp. 55–69.</ref> Under strain and with her movements restricted, Mary was frequently ill, which the royal physician attributed to her "ill treatment".<ref>Dr [[William Butts]], quoted in Waller, p. 31.</ref> The Imperial ambassador [[Eustace Chapuys]] became her close adviser, and interceded, unsuccessfully, on her behalf at court.<ref>Loades, pp. 84–85.</ref> The relationship between Mary and her father worsened; they did not speak to each other for three years.<ref>Porter, p. 100.</ref> Although both she and her mother were ill, Mary was refused permission to visit Catherine.<ref>Porter, pp. 103–104; Whitelock, pp. 67–69, 72.</ref> When Catherine died in 1536, Mary was "inconsolable".<ref>Letter from Emperor Charles V to [[Isabella of Portugal|Empress Isabella]], quoted in Whitelock, p. 75.</ref> Catherine was interred in [[Peterborough Cathedral]], while Mary grieved in semi-seclusion at [[Hunsdon]] in Hertfordshire.<ref>Porter, p. 107; Whitelock, pp. 76–77.</ref>