Editing Mary, Queen of Hungary (section)

=== First years (1382–1384) ===

[[File:Elizabeth and Mary of Hungary at the tomb of Louis the Great.jpg|thumb|right|Elizabeth and Mary mourning at the tomb of Louis{{nbsp}}I, by [[Sándor Liezen-Mayer]], 1864]]
[[File:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Mária királynő.jpg|left|thumb|Queen Mary ([[Nádasdy Mausoleum]], 1664)]]
Louis the Great died on 10 September 1382.{{sfn|Bartl|Čičaj|Kohútova|Letz|2002|p=40}} Cardinal [[Demetrius of Esztergom|Demetrius]], [[Archbishop of Esztergom]], crowned Mary "king" with the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]] in [[Székesfehérvár]] on 17{{nbsp}}September, a day after her father's burial.{{sfn|Csukovits|2012|p=120}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}} Mary's title and her rapid coronation in the absence of her fiancé, Sigismund, show that her mother and her mother's supporters wanted to emphasize Mary's role as monarch and to postpone or even hinder Sigismund's coronation.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=98}}

The queen mother, Elizabeth, assumed [[regent|regency]].{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}} [[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|Palatine]] [[Nicholas I Garai|Nicholas Garai]] and Cardinal Demetrius became her main advisors.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}} Most of Louis's barons preserved their offices; the queen mother only dismissed the [[master of the cupbearers]], [[George Czudar]], and his brother [[Peter Czudar|Peter]], [[voivode of Ruthenia]].{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=37}} According to the 15th-century historian [[Jan Długosz]], the Czudar brothers surrendered forts to the Lithuanians, who had "[h]eavily bribed"<ref name="Długosz_1382_p339">''The Annals of Jan Długosz'' (A.D. 1382), p. 339.</ref> them.{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=43}} Queen Elizabeth had Peter Czudar imprisoned before 1{{nbsp}}November; her [[charter]]s only stated that he "had obviously been disloyal" without specifying the reasons for his arrest.{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|pp=43–44}}

All royal charters issued during the first six months of Mary's reign emphasized that she had lawfully inherited her father's crown.{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=37}} However, most [[Hungarian nobility|Hungarian noblemen]] were strongly opposed to the very idea of a female monarch.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}} They regarded [[Charles III of Naples]] as Louis the Great's legitimate heir because Charles was the last male offspring of the [[Capetian House of Anjou]].{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}}{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=32}} Charles could not openly lay claim to Hungary, because his rival for the [[Kingdom of Naples]], [[Louis I, Duke of Anjou]]{{snds}}who was [[Charles VI of France]]'s uncle{{snds}}had invaded Southern Italy in the previous year.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=196}}{{sfn|Tuchman|1978|p=399}}

Noblemen from [[Greater Poland]] offered to pay homage to either Mary or Jadwiga at a meeting in [[Radomsko]] on 25{{nbsp}}November, but they stipulated that the queen and her husband should live in Poland.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=99}} The assembly of the nobility of [[Lesser Poland]] passed a similar resolution in [[Wiślica]] on 12{{nbsp}}December.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=99}} On the latter occasion, in response to Queen Elizabeth's demand, the noblemen also promised that they would not pay homage to anyone else than either Mary or Jadwiga.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=99}}{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=52}} Mary's fiancé, Sigismund, who had stayed in Poland, returned to Hungary.{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=52}} [[Bodzanta]], [[Archbishop of Gniezno]], the [[Nałęcz coat-of-arms|Nałęcz family]], and their allies in Greater Poland favoured a native prince, [[Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia|Siemowit{{nbsp}}IV of Masovia]].{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=99}} To avoid a civil war,{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=195}} Queen Elizabeth sent envoys to the Polish noblemen's next assembly which met in [[Sieradz]] in late February 1383.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=101}} Her envoys absolved the Poles from their 1382 oath of loyalty to Mary on 28{{nbsp}}March, announcing that the queen mother would send her younger daughter, Jadwiga, to Poland.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=101}}{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=226}}

[[File:MarieUhry pecet2.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Two sides of a seal: a crowned woman sitting on a throne and a coat-of-arms depicting a double cross|Mary's royal seal]]

[[John of Palisna]], [[Prior of Vrana]], rose up in open rebellion against the rule of Mary and her mother in the spring of 1383.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=226}}{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=394}}{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=63}} The queens made [[Stephen II Lackfi|Stephen Lackfi]] [[Ban of Croatia]].{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=196}} The royal army marched to Croatia and laid siege to [[Vrana (town)|Vrana]], forcing John of Palisna to flee to [[Kingdom of Bosnia|Bosnia]].{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=226}}{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=394}} The defenders of Vrana surrendered to Mary, who had been present during the siege along with her mother, on 4{{nbsp}}November.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=226}} To strengthen Mary's position against Charles of Naples, Queen Elizabeth sent her envoys to France and opened negotiations on the marriage of Mary to the younger brother of Charles{{nbsp}}VI of France, Louis, who had once been engaged to Mary's sister, Catherine.{{sfn|Engel|2001|pp=195–196}} Mary and the queen mother only left Croatia and [[Slavonia]] early next year.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=227}} Queen Elizabeth replaced Stephen Lackfi with [[Thomas Szentgyörgyi]], who used draconian measures to put an end to a conspiracy against the queens in [[Zadar]] in May 1384.{{sfn|Fügedi|1986|p=67}}

Although the last [[Diet of Hungary|Diet]] was held in the early 1350s, the queens convoked a Diet to deal with the grievances of the noblemen.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=196}} Mary confirmed her father's decrees of 1351 summarizing the noblemen's privileges on 22{{nbsp}}June 1384.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=196}} The negotiations of Mary's marriage in France caused a new rift within the Hungarian nobility, because the [[House of Lacković|Lackfis]], [[Nicholas Zámbó]] and [[Nicholas Szécsi]] and other high officers, who had been appointed during Louis the Great's reign, continued to support Mary's fiancé, Sigismund, in accordance with Louis the Great's will.{{sfn|Engel|2001|pp=196–197}} The queen mother replaced them with Nicholas Garai's supporters in August 1384.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=197}} The prelates were also opposed to the French marriage because the French supported Clement VII whom the Hungarian clergy considered an [[antipope]].{{sfn|Süttő|2002|p=69}} Mary's sister, Jadwiga, went to Poland where she was crowned on 16{{nbsp}}October 1384.{{sfn|Bartl|Čičaj|Kohútova|Letz|2002|p=40}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=109}} Cardinal Demetrius, who had accompanied Jadwiga to Poland, remained absent from the queens' court after his return to Hungary.{{sfn|Süttő|2002|p=70}} The royal government could not properly function during his absence because he was the keeper of the royal seal.{{sfn|Süttő|2002|p=70}}