Editing Marcus Garvey (section)

===Early career in Kingston: 1905–1909===

In 1905 he moved to Kingston, where he boarded in [[Smith Villages, Kingston|Smith Village]], a working-class neighbourhood.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=14}} In the city, he secured work with the printing division of the P.A. Benjamin Manufacturing Company. He rose quickly through the company ranks, becoming their first Afro-Jamaican foreman.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=12|2a1=Hart|2y=1967|2p=219|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=11|4a1=Grant|4y=2008|4p=16}} His sister and mother, by this point estranged from his father, moved to join him in the city.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=17}} In January 1907, [[1907 Kingston earthquake|Kingston was hit by an earthquake]] that reduced much of the city to rubble.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1pp=12–13|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=4}} He, his mother, and his sister were left to sleep in the open for several months.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=6}} In March 1908, his mother died.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=17}} While in Kingston, Garvey converted to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]].{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=18}}

Garvey became a [[trade union]]ist, vice president of the compositors' section of the [[Printers' Union]],<ref name="alexander">{{cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Robert J. |title=A History of Organized Labor in the English-Speaking West Indies |date=2004 |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=0275977439}}</ref> and took a leading role in the November 1908 print workers' strike. The strike was broken several weeks later and Garvey was sacked.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=13|2a1=Hart|2y=1967|2p=219|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=11|4a1=Grant|4y=2008|4p=18}} Henceforth branded a troublemaker, Garvey was unable to find work in the private sector.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=13|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=19}} He then found temporary employment with a government printer.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=13|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=11|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3p=20}} As a result of these experiences, Garvey became increasingly angry at the inequalities present in Jamaican society.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=19}}

Garvey involved himself with the National Club, Jamaica's first nationalist organization, becoming its first assistant secretary in April 1910.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1pp=13–4|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=14|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3pp=20–21}} The group campaigned to remove the [[List of governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]], [[Sydney Olivier]], from office, and to end the migration of Indian "[[coolie]]s", or indentured workers, to Jamaica, as they were seen as a source of economic competition by the established population.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=21}} With fellow Club member [[Wilfred Domingo]] he published a pamphlet expressing the group's ideas, ''The Struggling Mass''.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=21}} In early 1910, Garvey began publishing a magazine, ''Garvey's Watchman''—its name a reference to [[George William Gordon]]'s ''The Watchman''—although it lasted just three issues.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=13|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=13|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3p=23|4a1=Fergus|4y=2010|4p=30}} He claimed it had a circulation of 3000, although this was likely an exaggeration.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=23}} Garvey also enrolled in elocution lessons with the radical journalist [[Joseph Robert Love]], coming to regard him as a mentor.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=12|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2pp=21–22}} With Garvey's enhanced skill at speaking in a [[Standard English]] manner, he entered several public-speaking competitions.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1pp=12–13|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2pp=21–22}}