Editing March 30 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1699]] &ndash; [[Guru Gobind Singh]] establishes the [[Khalsa]] in [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mahmood |first=Cynthia Keppley |title=Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants |url=https://archive.org/details/fightingforfaith00cynt |url-access=limited |year=1996 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812215922 |oclc=44966032 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fightingforfaith00cynt/page/n55 43]–45}}</ref>
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[Joachim Murat]] issues the [[Rimini Proclamation]], among the earliest calls for [[Unification of Italy|Italian unification]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=6 May 2015 |title=Il proclama di Rimini |trans-title=The Rimini Proclamation |url=https://www.ilponte.com/il-proclama-di-rimini/ |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Il Ponte |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sacco |first=Antonio |date=30 May 2020 |title=Unificare l'Italia, il sogno di Murat |trans-title=Unifying Italy, Murat's dream |url=https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/20_maggio_30/unificare-l-italia-sogno-murat-5de17248-a286-11ea-a5d1-29996a211afa.shtml |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |language=it-IT}}</ref>

*[[1818]] &ndash; Physicist [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel|Augustin Fresnel]] reads a memoir on [[optical rotation]] to the [[French Academy of Sciences]], reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a [[Fresnel rhomb]], its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.<ref>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on colors developed in homogeneous fluids by polarized light"), read 30&nbsp;March 1818; printed in A.&nbsp;Fresnel (ed.{{tsp}} H. de Senarmont, E.&nbsp;Verdet, and L.&nbsp;Fresnel), ''Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel'', Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1l0_AAAAcAAJ vol.{{tsp}}1], 1866, pp.{{tsp}}655–83, at pp.{{tsp}}659–60.</ref>
*[[1822]] &ndash; The [[Florida Territory]] is created in the United States.
*[[1841]] &ndash; The [[National Bank of Greece]] is founded in [[Athens]].
*[[1842]] &ndash; [[Diethyl ether|Ether]] [[anesthesia]] is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon [[Physician|Dr.]] [[Crawford Long]].
*[[1844]] &ndash; One of the most [[Battle of Santiago (1844)|important battles]] of the [[Dominican War of Independence]] from [[Haiti]] takes place near the city of [[Santiago de los Caballeros]].
*[[1855]] &ndash; [[Origins of the American Civil War]]: "[[Border Ruffian]]s" from [[Missouri]] invade [[Kansas]] and force election of a pro-[[slavery]] legislature.
*[[1856]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] is signed, ending the [[Crimean War]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[Timeline of chemical element discoveries|Discovery of the chemical elements]]: Sir [[William Crookes]] announces his discovery of [[thallium]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; Danish prince [[George I of Greece|Wilhelm Georg]] is chosen as King George of Greece.
*[[1867]] &ndash; [[Alaska]] is [[Alaska Purchase|purchased]] from [[Russian Empire|Russia]] for $7.2 million, about two cents/acre ($4.19/km<sup>2</sup>), by [[United States Secretary of State]] [[William H. Seward]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Texas]] is readmitted to the [[United States Congress]] following [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]].
*[[1885]] &ndash; The [[Battle for Kushka]] triggers the [[Panjdeh Incident]] which nearly gives rise to war between the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[British Empire]]s.
*[[1899]] &ndash; German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights|International Committee on Atomic Weights]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Archaeology|Archaeologists]] in [[Knossos]], [[Crete]], discover the first [[clay tablet]] with [[hieroglyph]]ic writing in a script later called [[Linear B]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Palaima |first=Thomas G. |chapter=Linear B|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean|editor-last=Cline |editor-first=Eric H.|location=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=9780199873609 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EglBMWW2WHkC|page=357}}</ref>