Editing Manga (section)

== Publications and exhibition ==
[[File:Delegates of 3rd Asian Cartoon Exhibition.JPG|thumb|left|Delegates of 3rd Asian Cartoon Exhibition, held at Tokyo (Annual Manga Exhibition) by The [[Japan Foundation]]<ref>''Manga Hai Kya'', Comics : Shekhar Gurera [http://www.readwhere.com/read/154198/g4u-MEDIA/Manga-Hai-Kya-Comics-#page/1/2 The Pioneer, New Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510062823/http://www.readwhere.com/read/154198/g4u-MEDIA/Manga-Hai-Kya-Comics-#page/1/2 |date=10 May 2017 }}</ref>]]
[[File:MangaStoreJapan.jpg|thumb|A manga store in Japan]]
<!--In a sense, this section focuses on how manga is published, how much is published, and basically describes the state of the current industry.-->

In Japan, manga constituted an annual 40.6 billion yen (approximately US$395 million) publication-industry by 2007.<ref name="IndustrySize">{{Harvnb|Cube|2007}}</ref> In 2006 sales of manga books made up for about 27% of total book-sales, and sale of manga magazines, for 20% of total magazine-sales.<ref name=mangatrends>{{cite web |url=http://www.jetro.org/trends/market_info_manga.pdf |title=Manga Industry in Japan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406232125/http://www.jetro.org/trends/market_info_manga.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2012}}
</ref> The manga industry has expanded worldwide, where distribution companies license and reprint manga into their native languages.

Marketeers primarily classify manga by the age and gender of the target readership.<ref name="Schodt 1996">{{Harvnb|Schodt|1996}}</ref> In particular, books and magazines sold to boys ({{tlit|ja|shōnen}}) and girls ({{tlit|ja|shōjo}}) have distinctive cover-art, and most bookstores place them on different shelves. Due to cross-readership, consumer response is not limited by demographics. For example, male readers may subscribe to a series intended for female readers, and so on. Japan has [[manga café]]s, or {{tlit|ja|manga kissa}} ({{tlit|ja|kissa}} is an abbreviation of {{tlit|ja|[[kissaten]]}}). At a {{tlit|ja|manga kissa}}, people drink [[Coffee (drink)|coffee]], read manga and sometimes stay overnight.

The [[Kyoto International Manga Museum]] maintains a very large website listing manga published in Japanese.<ref name="KyMM">{{Harvnb|Manga Museum|2009}}</ref>

=== Magazines ===
{{See also|List of manga magazines|List of Japanese manga magazines by circulation}}
[[File:E-shimbun Nippon-chi.jpg|thumb|''E-shimbun Nippon-chi'' (1874), published by [[Kanagaki Robun]] and [[Kawanabe Kyosai]].]]

''E-shimbun Nippon-chi'' (1874), published by [[Kanagaki Robun]] and [[Kawanabe Kyosai]], is credited as the first manga magazine ever made.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arn |first1=Jackson |title=The Japanese 'demon of painting' who invented manga in 1874 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/japanese-manga-kawanabe-kyosai/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=4 June 2024 |language=en |date=14 December 2018}}</ref>

{{Nihongo|Manga magazines or anthologies|漫画雑誌|manga zasshi}} usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 20–40 pages allocated to each series per issue. Other magazines such as the anime fandom magazine ''[[Newtype]]'' featured single chapters within their monthly periodicals. Other magazines like ''[[Nakayoshi]]'' feature many stories written by many different artists; these magazines, or "anthology magazines", as they are also known (colloquially "phone books"), are usually printed on low-quality newsprint and can be anywhere from 200 to more than 850 pages thick. Manga magazines also contain [[One-shot (comics)|one-shot comics]] and various four-panel {{tlit|ja|[[yonkoma]]}} (equivalent to [[comic strip]]s). Manga series can run for many years if they are successful. Popular shonen magazines include ''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump]]'', ''[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]'' and ''[[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]]'' - Popular {{tlit|ja|shōjo}} manga include ''[[Ciao (magazine)|Ciao]]'', ''[[Nakayoshi]]'' and ''[[Ribon]]''. Manga artists sometimes start out with a few "one-shot" manga projects just to try to get their name out. If these are successful and receive good reviews, they are continued. Magazines often have a short life.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schodt|1996|p=101}}</ref>

=== Collected volumes ===
{{main|Tankōbon}}
After a series has run for a while, publishers often collect the chapters and print them in dedicated book-sized volumes, called {{tlit|ja|tankōbon}}. These can be hardcover, or more usually softcover books, and are the equivalent of U.S. [[trade paperback (comics)|trade paperbacks]] or [[graphic novel]]s. These volumes often use higher-quality paper, and are useful to those who want to "catch up" with a series so they can follow it in the magazines or if they find the cost of the weeklies or monthlies to be prohibitive. "Deluxe" versions have also been printed as readers have gotten older and the need for something special grew. Old manga have also been reprinted using somewhat lesser quality paper and sold for 100 yen (about $1 U.S. dollar) each to compete with the [[used book]] market.

==== History ====
[[Kanagaki Robun]] and [[Kawanabe Kyōsai]] created the first manga magazine in 1874: ''Eshinbun Nipponchi''. The magazine was heavily influenced by ''[[Japan Punch]]'', founded in 1862 by [[Charles Wirgman]], a British cartoonist. ''Eshinbun Nipponchi'' had a very simple style of drawings and did not become popular with many people. ''Eshinbun Nipponchi'' ended after three issues. The magazine ''Kisho Shimbun'' in 1875 was inspired by ''Eshinbun Nipponchi'', which was followed by ''Marumaru Chinbun'' in 1877, and then ''Garakuta Chinpo'' in 1879.<ref>[[#Eshinbun Nipponchi|Eshinbun Nipponchi]]</ref> ''[[Shōnen Sekai]]'' was the first ''[[shōnen]]'' magazine created in 1895 by Iwaya Sazanami, a famous writer of Japanese children's literature back then. ''Shōnen Sekai'' had a strong focus on the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name="JapanFocus">{{Harvnb|Griffiths|2007}}</ref>

In 1905, the manga-magazine publishing boom started with the [[Russo-Japanese War]],<ref name="Poten">[[#Poten|Poten]]</ref> ''[[Tokyo Puck|Tokyo Pakku]]'' was created and became a huge hit.<ref name="Pakku">[[#Shonen Pakku|Shonen Pakku]]</ref> After ''Tokyo Pakku'' in 1905, a female version of ''Shōnen Sekai'' was created and named ''[[Shōjo Sekai]]'', considered the first {{tlit|ja|[[shōjo]]}} magazine.<ref name="Wartime Asia">{{Harvnb|Lone|2007|p=75}}</ref> ''Shōnen Pakku'' was made and is considered the first [[children's manga]] magazine. The children's demographic was in an early stage of development in the [[Meiji period]]. ''Shōnen Pakku'' was influenced from foreign children's magazines such as ''Puck'' which an employee of Jitsugyō no Nihon (publisher of the magazine) saw and decided to emulate. In 1924, ''Kodomo Pakku'' was launched as another children's manga magazine after ''Shōnen Pakku''.<ref name="Pakku" /> During the boom, ''Poten'' (derived from the French "{{lang|fr|potin}}") was published in 1908. All the pages were in full color with influences from ''Tokyo Pakku'' and ''[[Osaka Puck]]''. It is unknown if there were any more issues besides the first one.<ref name="Poten" /> ''Kodomo Pakku'' was launched May 1924 by Tokyosha and featured high-quality art by many members of the manga artistry like Takei Takeo, Takehisa Yumeji and Aso Yutaka. Some of the manga featured [[speech balloons]], where other manga from the previous eras did not use speech balloons and were silent.<ref name="Pakku" />

Published from May 1935 to January 1941, ''Manga no Kuni'' coincided with the period of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945). ''Manga no Kuni'' featured information on becoming a [[mangaka]] and on other comics industries around the world. ''Manga no Kuni'' handed its title <!-- changed its name ? -->to ''Sashie Manga Kenkyū'' in August 1940.<ref name="MangaKuni">[[#Manga no Kuni|Manga no Kuni]]</ref>

=== {{tlit|ja|Dōjinshi}} ===
{{Main|Dōjinshi}}

{{tlit|ja|Dōjinshi}}, produced by small publishers outside of the mainstream commercial market, resemble in their publishing [[Small press|small-press]] independently published [[comic book]]s in the United States. [[Comiket]], the largest comic book [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] in the world with around 500,000 visitors gathering over three days, is devoted to {{tlit|ja|dōjinshi}}. While they most often contain original stories, many are parodies of or include [[Character (arts)|characters]] from popular manga and anime series. Some {{tlit|ja|dōjinshi}} continue with a series' story or write an entirely new one using its characters, much like [[fan fiction]]. In 2007, {{tlit|ja|dōjinshi}} sales amounted to 27.73 billion yen (US$245 million).<ref name="IndustrySize" /> In 2006 they represented about a tenth of manga books and magazines sales.<ref name=mangatrends/>