Editing Man overboard rescue turn (section)

==Williamson turn==
[[Image:williamsonturn.png|right]]
[[File:Williamson turn imariners.jpg|thumb]]

The '''Williamson turn''' is an alternative manoeuvre used to bring a ship or boat under power back to a point it previously passed through, often for the purpose of recovering a casualty at sea.<ref name="SeamanshipNotes"/><ref name="Reeds">{{cite book |last=Clarke |first=James |date=2010 |title=Reeds Superyacht Manual |publisher=Bloomsbury |page=60 |isbn=9781408122761}}</ref>  It was named for John Williamson, [[USNR]], who used it in 1943 to recover a man who had fallen overboard. However, according to ''Uncommon Carriers''  by [[John McPhee]], the maneuver was originally called the "Butakov pipe" and was used in the [[Russo-Japanese War]] as a way of keeping guns at the same distance from an enemy.<ref>{{cite book | last = McPhee | first = John | title = Uncommon Carriers | location = New York | publisher = Farrar, Straus, and Giroux | date = 2006 | pages = 47-48}}</ref>  It was also used by U.S. Navy [[nuclear submarine]]s to clear their sonar dead zones.<ref>{{cite book | last = Beach | first = Edward L., Jr. | title = Cold is the Sea | date = 1978 | location = Annapolis, Maryland, USA | publisher = Naval Institute Press | page = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cJzzAgAAQBAJ}}</ref>

The Williamson turn is the most preferred maneuver by navigating officers onboard ship as it can be used in any condition of visibility and weather. The suitability of the turn depends on the situation:

* Immediate Action Situation: Not as quick as the single turn in an immediate action situation and take the ship further away from the casualty, but it is effective.
* Delayed Action Situation: Mostly it will take the ship to the casualty
* Person Missing Situation: Recommended as it will bring the vessel to its reciprocal course.

A Williamson turn generally consists of:<ref name="SeamanshipNotes"/><ref name="Reeds"/>

# Placing the rudder full over to the side of the casualty
# Deviating 60 degrees from the original course and then shifting the rudder full over to the opposite side
# When the heading is approximately 20 degrees short of the reciprocal course, the rudder should be placed amidships and the vessel steadied up
# The engines should be stopped in the water with the person alongside, well forward of the propellers.

As Williamson turns can be used in any situation, they may be incorporated in a marine Safety Management System (SMS).<ref name="OOW-Actions">{{cite web | url = https://officerofthewatch.co.uk/2016/02/man-overboard-actions/ | title = Man Overboard – OOW Actions: Man Overboard Procedure | date = 1 February 2016 | work = Merchant Navy Knowledge Library | publisher = Officer of the Watch | access-date = 26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dcv-safety-management-systems-practical-guidelines-rigid-marinac | title = DCV Safety Management Systems: Practical guidelines or rigid edicts? | first = Anthony | last = Marinac | date = 21 March 2019 | work = [[LinkedIn]] | access-date = 26 September 2024}}</ref> The SMS may include a drill matrix, requiring that the ship's company conduct man overboard drills and Williamson turn drills at regular intervals such as every three months.<ref name="OOW-Actions" />