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===18th century=== {{Further|Province of New Jersey}} [[File:Presb Ch of Madison brick jeh.jpg|thumb|The Presbyterian Church of Madison]] During the [[British colonization of the Americas|British colonial period]] of the 17th and 18th centuries, the earliest settlers arriving in Madison were of European descent in what was then the colonial-era [[Province of New Jersey]]. Traditional native trails and pathways were followed as settlement began. Pressures upon the Lenape constantly drove them westward. In or around 1715, Bottle Hill, a village, was established at the crossing of Ridgedale Avenue and Kings Road. Village governance principles followed the British model. The Luke Miller house at 105 Ridgedale Avenue is thought to be the oldest remaining home, having been built around 1730.<ref>Fillimon, Chris. [http://lukemillerhouse.com/majorlukemiller.htm "Who was Luke Miller?"], The Luke Miller House. Accessed August 13, 2013. "The Luke Miller House (also referred to as Miller's Station) is considered the oldest existing home in Madison. It was built between 1730 and 1750, by Luke Miller's grandfather, Andrew Miller"</ref> During British colonial rule, Kings Road was a toll road that assessed fees levied by the government appointed by the English king. Farther south was the ''Shunpike'', a road with a parallel path that was used by colonists to avoid the fees.<ref>[http://www.morrisplanning.org/survey/streethistories.pdf Morris County Street Histories], [[Morris County, New Jersey]] Planning & Development. Accessed August 13, 2013. "The name 'Shunpike' is a contraction of the phrase 'Shun the Pike' meaning an alternate route to avoid payment on toll roads a.k.a. 'Pikes'."</ref> In 1739, [[Morris County, New Jersey]] was founded and was divided into three townships. The portion of the village north of Kings Road was put under the governance of [[Hanover Township, New Jersey|Hanover Township]] and the portion to the south, under the governance of [[Morris Township, New Jersey|Morris Township]]. A meeting house for the Presbyterian Church of South Hanover, as Madison was then called, was started in 1747 where the Presbyterian Cemetery still exists between Kings Road and Madison Avenue. With the [[Treaty of Easton]] in 1758, the Lenape were required to vacate their lands in colonial New Jersey and to move westward. Their leaders allied with the colonists during the [[American Revolutionary War]] in hopes of regaining former lands, but those hopes were never realized. Following the American Revolution, changes to governing the former colonies occurred gradually as the new nation organized. The state of [[New Jersey]] formed its government and debated best policies.
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