Editing Ménière's disease (section)

==Mechanism==
[[Image:Vestibular system's semicircular canal- a cross-section.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|[[Inner ear]]]]
The initial triggers of Ménière's disease are not fully understood, with a variety of potential inflammatory causes that lead to [[endolymphatic hydrops]], a distension of the [[endolymph]]atic spaces in the inner ear. [[Endolymphatic hydrops]] (EH) is strongly associated with developing Ménière's disease,<ref name=Con2015/> but not everyone with EH develops Ménière's disease: "The relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and Meniere's disease is not a simple, ideal correlation."<ref name= Salt2010Rev/> Notably, mild EH can also occur in [[vestibular migraine]] which is an important differential diagnosis for Ménière's disease.<ref name="DOI10.1136/jnnp-2024-334419">V. Kirsch, Rainer Boegle, J. Gerb, E. Kierig, Birgit Ertl‐Wagner, Sandra Becker‐Bense, Thomas Brandt, Marianne Dieterich: ''Imaging endolymphatic space of the inner ear in vestibular migraine.'' In: ''Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.'' 2024, S.&nbsp;jnnp–334419 {{doi|10.1136/jnnp-2024-334419}}.</ref>

Additionally, in fully developed Ménière's disease, the balance system ([[vestibular system]]) and the hearing system ([[cochlea]]) of the inner ear are affected, but some cases occur where EH affects only one of the two systems enough to cause symptoms. The corresponding subtypes of the disease are called vestibular Ménière's disease, showing symptoms of vertigo, and cochlear Ménière's disease, showing symptoms of hearing loss and tinnitus.<ref>{{cite journal| url= https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease |publisher= National Institutes of Health |location= US| title= Ménière's Disease| journal= Nidcd.nih.gov| number= Publication No. 10–3404|date= July 2010| edition= June 1, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160727231318/https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease |archive-date=27 July 2016 }}</ref><ref name= Gurkov2016rev>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gürkov R, Pyykö I, Zou J, Kentala E | title = What is Menière's disease? A contemporary re-evaluation of endolymphatic hydrops | journal = Journal of Neurology | volume = 263 | pages = 71–81 | year = 2016 | issue = Suppl 1 | pmid = 27083887 | pmc = 4833790 | doi = 10.1007/s00415-015-7930-1 }}</ref><ref name=Naganawa2014rev>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naganawa S, Nakashima T | title = Visualization of endolymphatic hydrops with MR imaging in patients with Ménière's disease and related pathologies: current status of its methods and clinical significance | journal = Japanese Journal of Radiology | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | pages = 191–204 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24500139 | doi = 10.1007/s11604-014-0290-4 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name= Mom2015Rev>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mom T, Pavier Y, Giraudet F, Gilain L, Avan P | title = Measurement of endolymphatic pressure | journal = European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases | volume = 132 | issue = 2 | pages = 81–84 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25467202 | doi = 10.1016/j.anorl.2014.05.004 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The mechanism of Ménière's disease is not fully explained by EH, but fully developed EH may mechanically and chemically interfere with the sensory cells for balance and hearing, which can lead to temporary dysfunction and even to death of the sensory cells, which in turn can cause the typical symptoms of MD – vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.<ref name= Salt2010Rev>{{cite journal | vauthors = Salt AN, Plontke SK | title = Endolymphatic hydrops: pathophysiology and experimental models | journal = Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 971–983 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20713237 | pmc = 2923478 | doi = 10.1016/j.otc.2010.05.007 }}</ref><ref name= Gurkov2016rev/>

An estimated 30% of people with Ménière's disease have [[Eustachian tube dysfunction]].<ref name="Walther2005Rev">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walther LE |year=2005 |title=Procedures for restoring vestibular disorders |journal=GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery |volume=4 |pages=Doc05 |pmc=3201005 |pmid=22073053}}</ref>