Editing Low-density lipoprotein (section)

===Structure===
Each native LDL particle enables emulsification, i.e. surrounding the fatty acids being carried, enabling these fats to move around the body within the water outside cells. Each particle contains a single [[apolipoprotein]] B-100 molecule ([[Apolipoprotein B|Apo B-100]], a protein that has 4536 [[amino acid]] residues and a mass of 514 [[Atomic mass unit|kDa]]), along with 80 to 100 additional ancillary proteins. Each LDL has a highly hydrophobic core consisting of [[Polyunsaturated fat|polyunsaturated fatty acid]] known as [[Linoleic acid|linoleate]] and hundreds to thousands (about 1500 commonly cited as an average) of [[ester]]ified and unesterified cholesterol molecules. This core also carries varying numbers of triglycerides and other fats and is surrounded by a shell of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol, as well as the single copy of Apo B-100. LDL particles are approximately 22&nbsp;nm (0.00000087&nbsp;in.) to 27.5&nbsp;nm in diameter and have a mass of about 3 million daltons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Campos, Hannia |date=1992 |title=LDL Particle Size Distribution |journal=Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1410–1419 |doi=10.1161/01.ATV.12.12.1410 |pmid=1450174 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Since LDL particles contain a variable and changing number of fatty acid molecules, there is a distribution of LDL particle mass and size.<ref name="Segrest JP, Jones MK, De Loof H, Dashti N 1346–67" /> Determining the structure of LDL has been difficult for biochemists because of its heterogeneous structure. However, the structure of LDL at human body temperature in native condition, with a resolution of about 16 [[Angstroms]] using [[cryogenic electron microscopy]], has been described in 2011.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kumar V, Butcher SJ, Katrina O, Engelhardt P, Heikkonen J, Kaski K, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen PT |date=May 2011 |title=Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16Å Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=e18841 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...618841K |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018841 |pmc=3090388 |pmid=21573056 |doi-access=free}}</ref>