Editing Lombok Strait (section)

== Maritime issues ==
As the Lombok Strait borders Indonesia, it is affected by maritime issues related to international trade. The [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary General]] has identified seven threats to [[maritime security]] in the Report on Oceans and the Law of the Sea 2008, which are: terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, illicit trafficking in weapons of mass destruction, illicit trafficking in drugs, [[human trafficking]], [[Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing|IUU fishing]], and unlawful damage to the marine environment.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_769e765592dc4c3386f11e80a691c31b|access-date=2021-05-17|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> Issues particularly affecting the Lombok Strait include: [[piracy]], [[illegal fishing]], human trafficking, smuggling of goods, armed robberies and terrorism. The [[International Chamber of Commerce]] (ICC) reports that Indonesia had the highest incidents of piracy and armed robbery offshore.<ref name=":2" /> Maritime threats experienced by Indonesian waters is due to increasing economic development in the [[Asia-Pacific]] region, making Asia the most vulnerable place in the world in terms of security.<ref name=":2" /> As it is minimum 250 m (820 feet) deep—much deeper than the [[Strait of Malacca]]—ships that draw too much water to pass through the Malacca Strait (so-called "post [[Malaccamax]]" vessels) often use the Lombok Strait, instead. The Lombok Strait is proposed to become an alternative route for Chinese trading vessels passing the Malacca Strait.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wroe|first=David|date=2017-03-09|title=Chinese naval ships close to Australia? 'Get used to it', experts warn|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/chinese-naval-ships-close-to-australia-get-used-to-it-experts-warn-20170309-guunxi.html|access-date=2021-05-17|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Indonesian waters also host four of the world’s nine [[choke point]]s.<ref name=":2" /> These four choke points are used for national and international shipping routes. Indonesia as an archipelago, is responsible for maintaining security in the international shipping routes of the Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL), as stated by the 1982 [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea]] (UNCLOS).<ref name=":2" />

Due to the maritime issues experienced along the Lombok Strait, there is a need for Indonesia to establish management strategies. The strategies Indonesia has put in place to deal with maritime issues involves a policy established by President [[Joko Widodo]], known as the Global Maritime Fulcrum. The policy is based on five pillars: redeveloping Indonesia’s maritime culture, building the maritime industry, prioritising fisheries, increasing shipping and port networks, improving maritime diplomacy and its defence forces.<ref name=":2" /> Improving defence forces at sea involves an emphasis in using the Indonesian navy to increase maritime security. Another strategy put in place by the Indonesian Government are designating areas called Marine Protective Areas (MPAs). As part of the internal policy in 2019, the Lombok Strait was announced to have been intended to be established as a [[Particularly Sensitive Sea Area]] (PSSA).<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Octavian|first1=A.|last2=Trismadi|last3=Lestari|first3=P.|date=September 2020|title=The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective|journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science|language=en|volume=557|issue=1 |pages=012013|doi=10.1088/1755-1315/557/1/012013|issn=1755-1315|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020E&ES..557a2013O }}</ref> It has not been officially submitted to the [[International Maritime Organization|International Maritime Organisation]] (IMO).<ref name=":12" /> Alongside implementing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) as a maritime strategy for the Lombok Strait, is the [[Traffic separation scheme|Traffic Separation Scheme]] (TSS) by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), which is a traffic management route system.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_236d86b359084ba1889ee2b5b16c26b1|access-date=2021-05-31|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> The Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) supports Indonesia being recognised as an archipelagic state under the 1982 [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|UNCLOS]], as it aligns with Article 53 (6), which states the country’s right to improve navigation safety within the area of the Islands Sea Channel.<ref name=":13" />