Editing Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (section)

=== Gwynedd ===
[[File:Gwynedd 1247 Map.jpg|thumb|[[North Wales]] division 1247.<ref name=Turvey99/>{{refn|Division of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] in 1247 following the succession of the brothers [[Owain Goch ap Gruffudd]] (whose lands are shown in dark green) and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (light green). The [[commote]] of Cymydmaen (gold) was granted to [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd]] by Owain when he reached majority in 1252 (Source: J. Beverley Smith)|group=note}}]]

Llywelyn and Owain came to terms with King Henry III and in 1247 signed the Treaty of Woodstock at [[Woodstock Palace]].<ref>Davies, John; ''History of Wales'', p. 140</ref> The terms they were forced to accept restricted them to the west of [[Conwy]] ([[Gwynedd Uwch Conwy]]) around [[Snowdonia]] and [[Anglesey]], which was divided between them. The other half of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] east of Conwy known as the [[Perfeddwlad]] was taken over by King Henry.<ref name=Turvey99/>

When [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]] came of age, King Henry accepted his [[homage (feudal)|homage]] and announced his intention to give him part of the already reduced Gwynedd. Llywelyn refused to accept this and Owain and Dafydd formed an alliance against him. This led to the [[Battle of Bryn Derwin]] in June 1255. Llywelyn defeated Owain and Dafydd and captured them, thereby becoming the sole ruler of Gwynedd Uwch Conwy. Llywelyn now looked to expand his area of control. The population of [[Gwynedd Is Conwy]] resented English rule. This area, also known as "Perfeddwlad" (meaning "middle land") had been given by King Henry to his son [[Edward I of England|Edward]] and during the summer of 1256, he visited the area but failed to deal with grievances against the rule of his officers. An appeal was made to Llywelyn, who, that November, crossed the River Conwy with an army, accompanied by his brother, Dafydd, whom he had released from prison. By early December, Llywelyn controlled all of Gwynedd Is Conwy, apart from the royal castle at [[Dyserth]], as a reward for his support and dispossessing his brother-in-law, Rhys Fychan, who supported the king. An English army led by [[Stephen Bauzan]] invaded to try to restore Rhys Fychan but was decisively defeated by Welsh forces at the [[Battle of Cadfan]] in June 1257, with Rhys having previously slipped away to make his peace with Llywelyn.<ref>Lloyd, J. E.; ''A history of Wales'', pp. 720–721</ref>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=99–100}}