Editing List of Bulgarian monarchs (section)

=== Titles in the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1422) ===

{{Sidebar timeline
|title=Bulgarian royal titles
|members1=''[[Kanasubigi]]'' <!--no known contemporary source includes an additional qualifier, such as "of the Bulgarians"-->
|years1=680?–864
|members2=''[[Knyaz]]'' <!--no known contemporary source includes an additional qualifier, such as "of the Bulgarians"-->
|years2=864–913
|members3=''[[Tsar]]'' of the Bulgarians and the [[Rhomaioi|Romans]]
|years3=913–927
|members4=''Tsar'' of the Bulgarians
|years4={{Nowrap|927–1018}}
|members5= —
|years5={{Nowrap|1018–1185}}
|members6=''Tsar'' of the Bulgarians
|years6={{Nowrap|1185–1204}}
|members7=''Tsar'' of the Bulgarians and [[Vlachs]]
|years7={{Nowrap|1204–1207}}
|members8=''Tsar'' of the Bulgarians
|years8={{Nowrap|1207–1230}}
|members9=''Tsar'' and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks
|years9={{Nowrap|1230–1241}}
|members10=''Tsar'' and Autocrat of the Bulgarians
|years10={{Nowrap|1241–1340s}}
|members11=''Tsar'' and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks
|years11={{Nowrap|1340s–1395}}
|members12=''Tsar'' and Autocrat of the Bulgarians
|years12={{Nowrap|1395–1422}}
|members13= —
|years13={{Nowrap|1422–1879}}
|members14=''Knyaz'' of Bulgaria
|years14={{Nowrap|1879–1908}}
|members15=''Tsar'' of the Bulgarians
|years15={{Nowrap|1908–1946}}
}}

The first rulers of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1422) revived the style used by Simeon I's successors, "Emperor of the Bulgarians", rendered ''tsr’ Bl’garom'' in Bulgarian documents and ''imperator Bulgarorum'' in Latin.<ref name=":LRT">{{Cite book |last=Tricht |first=Filip Van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOJ5DwAAQBAJ |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228) |date=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-20392-1 |pages=393 |language=en}}</ref> The second empire's third ruler, [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]] (1196–1207), adopted the grander title "Emperor of Bulgarians and [[Vlachs]]" (''imperator Bulgarorum et Blachorum'').<ref name="Petkov-2008" /><ref name="Daskalov-2015">{{Cite book |last1=Daskalov |first1=Roumen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDRzBwAAQBAJ |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Three: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies |last2=Vezenkov |first2=Alexander |date=2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-29036-5 |pages=346 |language=en}}</ref> He unsuccessfully sought recognition of this title from the Papacy, though [[Pope Innocent III]] merely recognized him as "King of the Bulgarians and Vlachs" (''rex Bulgarorum et Blachorum''), not wishing to recognize any other emperor than the Holy Roman emperor.<ref name="Daskalov-2015" />

The fifth ruler of the second empire, [[Ivan Asen II]] (1218–1241) after 1230 extended his original title "Emperor of the Bulgarians" to the grander "Emperor of the Bulgarians and Greeks" (''tsr’ Bl’garom i Gr’kom'', Latin: ''imperator Bulgarorum et Grecorum''). This title was taken to reflect his extensive conquests in formerly Byzantine territory and was effectively a revival of Simeon I's title since both "Greeks" and "Romans" were envisioned as referring to the inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="Bideleux-2007" /><ref name=":LRT" /> Ivan Asen II also introduced the element "[[Autokrator|autocrat]]" (Bulgarian: ''samodrzac'', Latin: ''moderator'') into the Bulgarian imperial title, modelled on its usage in the Byzantine imperial title,<ref name=":LRT" /> and eventually in full styled himself as the "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks"<ref name="Bideleux-2007" /><ref name=":LRT" /> (Bulgarian: ''tsr’ i samodrzac Bl’garom i Gr’kom'', Latin: ''imperator et moderator Bulgarorum et Grecorum'').<ref name=":LRT" />

Ivan Asen II's successors kept "autocrat" in the title but returned to the simpler style "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians".<ref name="CurtaFlorin">{{Cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JAKwCQAAQBAJ |title=The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans |date=2008 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-2356-0 |pages=398, 400 |language=en}}</ref> His extended title was later revived by [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]] (1331–1371), who also proclaimed himself as the "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks"<ref name="CurtaFlorin" /> to challenge the authority of the then weakened Byzantine Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ryder |first=Judith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mt95DwAAQBAJ |title=The Career and Writings of Demetrius Kydones: A Study of Fourteenth-Century Byzantine Politics, Religion and Society |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18944-7 |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref> Ivan Alexander's son [[Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria|Ivan Shishman]] (1371–1395) is also recorded to have used this extended imperial title.<ref name="CurtaFlorin" />