Editing Leukemia (section)

===Specific types===
* [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in young children. It also affects adults, especially those 65 and older. Standard treatments involve [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]]. Subtypes include [[precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[Burkitt's leukemia]], and [[acute biphenotypic leukemia]]. While most cases of ALL occur in children, 80% of deaths from ALL occur in adults.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html/|title= Key Statistics for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)|date=8 January 2019 |website=American Cancer Society |access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
*  [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) most often affects adults over the age of 55. It sometimes occurs in younger adults, but it almost never affects children. Two-thirds of affected people are men. The five-year survival rate is 85%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html | title = Finding Cancer Statistics » Cancer Stat Fact Sheets »Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080416053309/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html| archive-date=16 April 2008 | work = National Cancer Institute }}</ref> It is incurable, but there are many effective treatments. One subtype is [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], a more aggressive disease.
* [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]] (AML) occurs far more commonly in adults than in children, and more commonly in men than women. It is treated with chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is 20%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/survival/|title=Survival: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia |date=10 July 2019 |website=Cancer Research UK |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> Subtypes of AML include [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]], [[acute myeloblastic leukemia]], and [[acute megakaryoblastic leukemia]].
* [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]] (CML) occurs mainly in adults; a very small number of children also develop this disease. It is treated with [[imatinib]] (Gleevec in United States, Glivec in Europe) or other drugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novartisoncology.com|title=Novartis Oncology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105145436/http://www.novartisoncology.com/|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> The five-year survival rate is 90%.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Moyer P | date = 12 June 2006 | url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/536049 | title = Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Continue to Do Well on Imatinib at 5-Year Follow-Up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515063623/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/536049 | archive-date = 15 May 2013 | work = Medscape Medical News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://professional.cancerconsultants.com/conference_asco_2006.aspx?id=37519 | title = Updated Results of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in CML | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071229125528/http://professional.cancerconsultants.com/conference_asco_2006.aspx?id=37519 | archive-date=29 December 2007 | work = ASCO 2006 Conference Summaries }}</ref> One subtype is [[chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]].
* [[Hairy cell leukemia]] (HCL) is sometimes considered a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but does not fit neatly into this category. About 80% of affected people are adult men. No cases in children have been reported. HCL is incurable but easily treatable. Survival is 96% to 100% at ten years.<ref name="pmid16245328">{{cite journal | vauthors = Else M, Ruchlemer R, Osuji N, Del Giudice I, Matutes E, Woodman A, Wotherspoon A, Swansbury J, Dearden C, Catovsky D | title = Long remissions in hairy cell leukemia with purine analogs: a report of 219 patients with a median follow-up of 12.5 years | journal = Cancer | volume = 104 | issue = 11 | pages = 2442–8 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16245328 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.21447 | s2cid = 43282431 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] (T-PLL) is a very rare and aggressive leukemia affecting adults; somewhat more men than women are diagnosed with this disease.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Matutes E | title = T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia | journal = Cancer Control | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 19–24 | date = January 1998 | pmid = 10761013 | doi = 10.1177/107327489800500102 | url = http://www.moffitt.org/moffittapps/ccj/v5n1/article2.html | url-status = live | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211044933/http://www.moffitt.org/moffittapps/ccj/v5n1/article2.html | archive-date = 11 February 2009 }}</ref> Despite its overall rarity, it is the most common type of mature [[T cell]] leukemia;<ref name="pmid15716243">{{cite journal | vauthors = Valbuena JR, Herling M, Admirand JH, Padula A, Jones D, Medeiros LJ | title = T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia involving extramedullary sites | journal = American Journal of Clinical Pathology | volume = 123 | issue = 3 | pages = 456–464 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15716243 | doi = 10.1309/93P4-2RNG-5XBG-3KBE | url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/501092 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515093513/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/501092 | archive-date = 15 May 2013 }}</ref> nearly all other leukemias involve [[B cells]]. It is difficult to treat, and the median survival is measured in months.
* [[Large granular lymphocytic leukemia]] may involve either T-cells or [[NK cell]]s; like hairy cell leukemia, which involves solely B cells, it is a rare and [[Indolent condition|indolent]] (not aggressive) leukemia.<ref name="who1">{{cite book | vauthors = Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW | collaboration = World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer |title=Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues |publisher=IARC Press |location=Lyon |year=2001 |series=World Health Organization Classification of Tumors |volume=3 |isbn=978-92-832-2411-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSKqcy7TUZUC}}</ref>
* [[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma|Adult T-cell leukemia]] is caused by [[human T-lymphotropic virus]] (HTLV), a virus similar to [[human immunodeficiency virus|HIV]]. Like HIV, HTLV infects CD4+ T-cells and replicates within them; however, unlike HIV, it does not destroy them. Instead, HTLV "immortalizes" the infected T-cells, giving them the ability to proliferate abnormally. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are endemic in certain areas of the world.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* [[Clonal eosinophilia]]s (also called ''clonal hypereosinophilias'') are a group of blood disorders characterized by the growth of [[eosinophil]]s in the [[bone marrow]], blood, and/or other tissues.   They may be [[pre-malignant|pre-cancerous]] or [[malignant|cancerous]]. Clonal eosinophilias involve a [[Clone (cell biology)|"clone"]] of eosinophils, i.e., a group of genetically identical eosinophils that all grew from the same [[mutated]] ancestor cell.<ref name="pmid28028030">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reiter A, Gotlib J | title = Myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia | journal = Blood | volume = 129 | issue = 6 | pages = 704–714 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 28028030 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2016-10-695973 | doi-access = free }}</ref> These disorders may evolve into [[chronic eosinophilic leukemia]] or may be associated with various forms of [[myeloid]] neoplasms, [[lymphoid]] neoplasms, [[myelofibrosis]], or the [[myelodysplastic syndrome]].<ref name="pmid26486351">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gotlib J | title = World Health Organization-defined eosinophilic disorders: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management | journal = American Journal of Hematology | volume = 90 | issue = 11 | pages = 1077–89 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26486351 | doi = 10.1002/ajh.24196 | s2cid = 42668440 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid27069254">{{cite journal | vauthors = Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, Bloomfield CD, Cazzola M, Vardiman JW | title = The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia | journal = Blood | volume = 127 | issue = 20 | pages = 2391–2405 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27069254 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544 | s2cid = 18338178 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid28028030"/>