Editing Larry Holmes (section)

==Professional career==
===Early years===
After compiling an amateur record of 19–3, Holmes turned professional on March 21, 1973, winning a four-round decision against Rodell Dupree. Early in his career he worked as a sparring partner for [[Muhammad Ali]], [[Joe Frazier]], [[Earnie Shavers]], and [[Jimmy Young (boxer)|Jimmy Young]]. He was paid well and learned a lot. "I was young, and I didn't know much. But I was holding my own sparring those guys", Holmes said. "I thought, 'hey, these guys are the best, the champs. If I can hold my own now, what about later?'"

Holmes first gained credibility as a contender when he upset the hard-punching [[Earnie Shavers]] in March 1978. Holmes won by a lopsided twelve-round unanimous decision, winning every round on two scorecards and all but one on the third. Holmes's victory over Shavers set up a title shot between Holmes and [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Heavyweight Champion [[Ken Norton]] in [[Las Vegas]] on June 9, 1978.

===Defeating Norton and winning WBC heavyweight championship===
{{main|Ken Norton vs. Larry Holmes}}
[[File:Larry Holmes awarded the Jaycees.jpg|thumb|Holmes with the [[United States Junior Chamber|Jaycees]] Ten Outstanding Young Men trophy in December 1979]]

Holmes met [[Ken Norton]] for the [[World Boxing Council|WBC Championship]] on June 9, 1978. After fourteen rounds, all three judges had the fight scored dead even at seven rounds each. Holmes rallied late in the fifteenth to win it on two scorecards and take the title by a split decision.<ref name="SI" />

In his first two title defenses, Holmes easily knocked out [[Alfredo Evangelista]] and [[Ossie Ocasio]]. His third was against future [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] Heavyweight Champion [[Mike Weaver (boxer)|Mike Weaver]], on June 22, 1979. With an uninspiring 19–8 record going into the fight, Weaver was lightly regarded. After ten tough rounds, Holmes dropped Weaver with a right uppercut late in round eleven. In the twelfth, Holmes immediately went on the attack, backing Weaver into the ropes and pounding him with powerful rights until the referee stepped in and stopped it. "This man knocked the devil out of me", Holmes said. "This man might not have had credit before tonight, but you'll give it to him now."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yeURAAAAIBAJ&pg=6600,3663550&dq=larry+holmes+mike+weaver&hl=en|work=The Spokesman-Review |title=Weaver hurts Holmes before bowing in 12|date=June 23, 1979|agency=Associated Press|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Three months later, on September 28, 1979, Holmes had a rematch with Shavers, who got a title shot by knocking out Norton in one round. Holmes dominated the first six rounds, but in the seventh, Shavers sent Holmes down with a devastating overhand right. Holmes got up, survived the round, and went on to punish Shavers in the eleventh round and the referee stopped the fight.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=T3ciAAAAIBAJ&pg=1252,3176723&dq=larry+holmes+shavers&hl=en|work=The Argus-Press |title=Holmes Wins Wild Brawl|author=Will Grimsley|agency=Associated Press|date=September 29, 1979|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

His next three defenses were knockouts of Lorenzo Zanon, [[Leroy Jones (boxer)|Leroy Jones]], and [[Scott LeDoux]].

===Defeating Ali===
{{main|Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali}}
On October 2, 1980, at [[Caesars Palace]] in Las Vegas, Holmes defended his title against [[Muhammad Ali]], who was coming out of retirement in an attempt to become the first four-time world heavyweight champion. Holmes dominated the 38-year-old Ali, winning every round on all three judges' scorecards. At the end of the tenth round, Ali's trainer stepped in to stop the fight as Holmes was inflicting major blows on Ali, handing Ali the only stoppage defeat of his career.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1123840/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010183243/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1123840/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 10, 2010|title=Doom In The Desert|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=October 13, 1980|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> After the win, Holmes received recognition as [[List of The Ring world champions|World Heavyweight Champion]] by [[The Ring (magazine)|''The Ring'']].

Ali blamed his poor performance on thyroid medication which he had been taking, saying that it helped him lose weight (he weighed 217½, his lowest weight since he fought [[George Foreman]] in 1974), but it also left him drained for the fight.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A34fAAAAIBAJ&pg=2067,3307959&dq=holmes+ali+thyroid&hl=en|work=The Pittsburgh Press |title=Ali Reportedly Used Drug to Lose Weight|agency=UPI|date=October 6, 1980|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes seemed to show signs of sadness in punishing Ali so much during the fight. Tears appeared in Holmes's eyes during a post-fight interview. When asked why he was crying, he said that he respected Ali "a whole lot" and "he fought one of the baddest heavyweights in the world today, and you cannot take credit from him."<ref>{{YouTube|C0N6NTUbWFA}}</ref>

Holmes's trainer [[Richie Giachetti]] called Holmes's pummeling of Ali "awful&nbsp;... the worst sports event I ever had to cover." Actor [[Sylvester Stallone]] was ringside for the fight and said that it was like watching an autopsy on a man who is still alive. The Holmes fight is said to have contributed to Ali's [[Parkinsonism|Parkinson's]] syndrome.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/arts/television/27muhammad.html |work=The New York Times |title=Boxing King Casts His Shadow, Even at Time of Defeat |date=October 26, 2009 |access-date=March 5, 2012 |first1=Mike |last1=Hale}}</ref>

===Defeating Berbick, Leon Spinks & Snipes===
{{main|Larry Holmes vs. Leon Spinks}}
After eight consecutive knockouts, Holmes was forced to go the distance when he successfully defended his title against future WBC Heavyweight Champion [[Trevor Berbick]] on April 11, 1981. In his next fight, two months later, Holmes knocked out former Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion [[Leon Spinks]] in three rounds. On November 6, 1981, Holmes rose from a seventh-round knockdown, during which he staggered into the turnbuckle, to stop [[Renaldo Snipes]] in the eleventh.

===Defeating Cooney===
{{Main article|Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney}}
On June 11, 1982, Holmes defended his title against [[Gerry Cooney]], the undefeated #1 contender and an [[Irish-American]]. The lead-up to the fight had many racial overtones, with promoter [[Don King (boxing promoter)|Don King]] and others hyping Cooney as the "[[wikt:great white hope|Great White Hope]]." Holmes said that if Cooney wasn't white, he would not be getting the same purse as the champion (both boxers received $10 million for the bout).<ref name=USAToday /> Although Cooney tried to deflect questions about race, members of his camp wore shirts that said "Not the White Man, but the Right Man."<ref name=USAToday /> In their fight previews, ''Sports Illustrated'' and ''Time'' put Cooney on the cover, not Holmes. Boxing tradition dictates that the champion be introduced last, but the challenger, Cooney, was introduced last.<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2007-06-30-3180160253_x.htm|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|title=Holmes and Cooney recall divisive fight|date=June 30, 2007|first=Time|last=Dahlberg}}</ref>

The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot, with millions more watching around the world. After an uneventful first round, Holmes dropped Cooney with a right in the second. Cooney came back well in the next two rounds, jarring Holmes with his powerful left hook. Holmes later said that Cooney "hit me so damned hard, I felt it—boom—in my bones."<ref name=Tallent /> Cooney was tiring by the ninth, a round in which he had two points deducted for low blows. In the tenth, they traded punches relentlessly. At the end of the round, the two nodded to each other in respect.<ref name=Tallent /> Cooney lost another point because of low blows in the eleventh. By then, Holmes was landing with ease. In the thirteenth, a barrage of punches sent Cooney down. He got up, but his trainer, Victor Valle, stepped into the ring and stopped the fight.<ref name=Tallent />

After the fight, Holmes and Cooney became close friends.<ref name=Tallent>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/3174/larry-holmes-gerry-cooney/|archive-date=February 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221080821/http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/3174/larry-holmes-gerry-cooney/|title=Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney|first=Aaron |last=Tallent|date=June 9, 2006|work=TheSweetScience.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldboxing101.com/2012/06/11/larry-holmes-and-gerry-cooney-foes-for-a-night-friends-for-a-lifetime/ |title=Larry Holmes and Gerry Cooney: Foes for a Night, Friends for a Lifetime |work=Worldboxing101.com |access-date=February 25, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227022936/http://www.worldboxing101.com/2012/06/11/larry-holmes-and-gerry-cooney-foes-for-a-night-friends-for-a-lifetime/ |archive-date=February 27, 2016 }}</ref>

===Trouble with the WBC===
{{Main article|Larry Holmes vs. Tim Witherspoon}}
Holmes's next two fights were one-sided decision wins over [[Randall "Tex" Cobb]] and  ex-European champion  Lucien Rodriguez. On May 20, 1983, Holmes defended his title against [[Tim Witherspoon]], the future WBC and WBA  Heavyweight Champion. Witherspoon, a six to one underdog and with only 15 professional bouts to his name, surprised many by giving Holmes a difficult fight. After twelve rounds, Holmes retained the title by a disputed split decision.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1120871/4/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026130341/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1120871/4/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 26, 2012|title=Holmes Really Had a Spoonful|author=Pat Putnam|date=May 30, 1983|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

On September 10, 1983, Holmes successfully defended the WBC title for the sixteenth time, knocking out [[Scott Frank (boxer)|Scott Frank]] in five rounds. Holmes then signed to fight [[Marvis Frazier]], son of [[Joe Frazier]], on November 25, 1983. The WBC refused to sanction the fight against the unranked Frazier. They ordered Holmes to fight [[Greg Page (boxer)|Greg Page]], the #1 contender, or be stripped of the title. Promoter [[Don King (boxing promoter)|Don King]] offered Holmes $2.55 million to fight Page, but the champion didn't think that was enough. He was making $3.1 million to fight Frazier and felt he should get as much as $5 million to fight Page.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8KMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1379,2360852&dq=marvis-frazier+greg+page+2.55&hl=en |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227022939/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8KMyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Bu8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1379,2360852&dq=marvis-frazier+greg+page+2.55&hl=en |archive-date=February 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Holmes had an easy time with Frazier, knocking him out in the first round.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RaQyAAAAIBAJ&pg=2803,3084162&dq=larry+holmes+marvis+frazier&hl=e |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312082655/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RaQyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P-8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2803,3084162&dq=larry+holmes+marvis+frazier&hl=e |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The following month, Holmes relinquished the WBC championship.

===IBF heavyweight champion===
Despite his no longer being recognized by the WBC as champion, Holmes was still regarded as the lineal champion as well as being recognized as world champion by ''The Ring''. On December 11, 1983, the newly formed [[International Boxing Federation]] extended recognition to Holmes, and he accepted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?hl=en|archive-date=July 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120711085957/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SzUtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ir4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=1334%2C4129623&dq=larry+holmes+international+boxing+federation&hl=en|url-status=dead|title=Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=January 29, 2021}}</ref>

As 1984 began, Holmes and [[Gerrie Coetzee]], the [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] champion, were signed to unify the titles on June 15, 1984, at Caesars Palace. The fight was being promoted by JPD Inc., but it was canceled when Caesars Palace said the promoters failed to meet the financial conditions of the contract. Holmes was promised $13 million and Coetzee was promised $8 million. Even after cutting the purses dramatically, they still couldn't come up with enough financial backing to stage the fight.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8WMeAAAAIBAJ&pg=2709,1128942&dq=larry+holmes+gerrie+coetzee&hl=en|work=Times Daily |title=On Again, Off Again Fight May Be On Again|date=July 3, 1984|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> Don King then planned to promote the fight, but Holmes lost a lawsuit filed by Virginia attorney Richard Hirschfeld, who said he had a contract with Holmes that gave him right of first refusal on a Holmes-Coetzee bout. Holmes then decided to move on and fight someone else.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZGoVAAAAIBAJ&pg=3975,4615380&dq=larry+holmes+gerrie+coetzee&hl=en|work=Eugene Register-Guard |title=Holmes signs for title fight in November|agency=Associated Press|date=September 19, 1984|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

On November 9, 1984, after a year out of the ring, Holmes made his first defense of the IBF title, stopping [[James "Bonecrusher" Smith]] on a cut in the twelfth round. In the first half of 1985, Holmes stopped [[David Bey]] in ten rounds for his 19th title defense. His next against [[Carl "The Truth" Williams]] was unexpectedly tough. The younger, quicker Williams was able to out-jab the aging champion, who was left with a badly swollen eye by the end of the bout. Holmes emerged with a close, and disputed, fifteen-round unanimous decision.

===Holmes vs. Michael Spinks 1 & 2===
Holmes's next fight had the potential to make boxing history. He agreed to terms to fight [[Michael Spinks]], the undisputed champion at [[light heavyweight]], for his twentieth world title defense September 21, 1985. A victory for Holmes would have tied [[Rocky Marciano]]'s mark of 49 consecutive wins without a loss. Spinks, meanwhile, was looking to join [[Bob Fitzsimmons]] as the only other boxer at the time to win titles at both light heavyweight and heavyweight. In addition, if he defeated Holmes, Spinks would become the first ever reigning light heavyweight champion to win the heavyweight title.

Before the fight [[Archie Moore]], the long-time light heavyweight champion who unsuccessfully challenged for the heavyweight crown himself twice, predicted an easy win for Holmes: "I'm afraid Larry will chew him up. Michael may be faster than Larry, but you can only go so fast."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Liebman|first1=Glenn|title=Boxing Shorts|date=1996|publisher=Contemporary Books, Inc.|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=0-8092-3216-2|page=16}}</ref> Despite the assessment, it indeed would be Spinks whose historical destiny would be fulfilled, as he defeated Holmes via unanimous decision to become the first reigning light heavyweight champion to win the heavyweight title.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1119942/1/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026130350/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1119942/1/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 26, 2012|title=Michael Played the Heavy|author=Pat Putnam|date=September 30, 1985|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> After the fight, a bitter Holmes said, "Rocky Marciano couldn't carry my jockstrap."

Holmes had a rematch with Spinks on April 19, 1986. Spinks retained the title with a disputed fifteen-round split decision. The judges scored the fight: Judge [[Joe Cortez]] 144–141 (Holmes), Judge Frank Brunette 141–144 (Spinks) and Judge Jerry Roth 142–144 (Spinks.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Larry_Holmes_vs._Michael_Spinks_%282nd_meeting%29
|title=Holmes vs Spinks 2nd Fight Scorecards |publisher=boxrec.com |access-date=March 28, 2011}}</ref> In a post-fight interview with [[HBO]], Holmes said, "the judges, the referees and promoters can kiss me where the sun don't shine—and because we're on HBO, that's my big black behind."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1064760/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604060929/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1064760/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2012|title=Battle of the Ballot|author=Pat Putnam|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

On November 6, 1986, three days after his 37th birthday, Holmes announced his retirement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/07/sports/sports-people-holmes-retires.html|title=SPORTS PEOPLE – Holmes Retires |date=November 7, 1986|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

===Comebacks===
{{Main article|Mike Tyson vs. Larry Holmes|Ray Mercer vs. Larry Holmes|Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes|Oliver McCall vs. Larry Holmes}}
[[File:BoxingHallOfFame 1 LarryHolmesRobes.jpg|thumb|Several of Holmes's boxing robes on display at the [[International Boxing Hall of Fame]] in [[Canastota, New York]] in May 2013]]
[[File:PA 611 NB past Third Street Easton.JPG|thumb|Larry Holmes Drive, an [[Easton, Pennsylvania]] street named in honor of Holmes, who was from Easton and fought under the nickname "The Easton Assassin".]] 
On January 22, 1988, Holmes was lured out of retirement by a $2.8 million purse to challenge reigning Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion [[Mike Tyson]]. Tyson dropped Holmes in the fourth round with an overhand right. Holmes got up, but Tyson put him down two more times in the round, and the fight was stopped. It was the only time Holmes was knocked out in his career. After the fight, Holmes again retired.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OjssAAAAIBAJ&pg=6424,2608163&dq=larry+holmes+tyson&hl=en|work=Herald-Journal |title=Tyson Batters Holmes in 4 Rounds|date=January 23, 1988|agency=Associated Press|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes returned to the ring in 1991 and became a much more active fighter, usually fighting on ''[[USA Tuesday Night Fights]]'' cards every few weeks against up and comers and journeymen. After five straight wins, he fought [[Ray Mercer]], the undefeated 1988 [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympic]] Gold Medalist, on February 7, 1992. Holmes pulled off the upset and won by a 12-round unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cbkLAAAAIBAJ&pg=7065,1644993&dq=larry+holmes+ray+mercer&hl=en |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227022950/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cbkLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6lUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7065,1644993&dq=larry+holmes+ray+mercer&hl=en |archive-date=February 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (Holmes later claimed that he fought Mercer in spite of having a detached retina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-30-sp-2553-story.html|title=Larry Holmes Says He Fought Mercer With a Detached Retina|agency=Associated Press|date=December 30, 1992|via=LA Times}}</ref>) The win got Holmes a shot at [[Evander Holyfield]] for the Undisputed World Heavyweight Championship. On June 19, 1992, Holyfield defeated Holmes by a twelve-round unanimous decision.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RHEiAAAAIBAJ&pg=3296,4983757&dq=larry+holmes+evander+holyfield&hl=en|work=The Argus-Press |title=Holyfield beats Holmes by unanimous decision|date=June 20, 1992|agency=Associated Press|author=Tim Wahlberg|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

On April 8, 1995, he fought [[Oliver McCall]] for the WBC title. Holmes lost by a close 12-round unanimous decision. Two of the judges had him losing by one point, while the other judge had him losing by three points.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=J_QwAAAAIBAJ&pg=1191,2305482&dq=larry+holmes+oliver+mccall&hl=en|work=The Daily Gazette |title=McCall beats Holmes|agency=Associated Press|date=April 7, 1995|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes was back in the ring five months later, resuming the pace he had set since his comeback. However, he was growing tired of the sport and, after he fought and knocked out Anthony Willis in June 1996 on another USA boxing event, Holmes announced that unless he received a shot at the title, the fight against Willis was likely to be his last.

On January 24, 1997, Holmes got his last opportunity to fight for a heavyweight championship when he traveled to [[Copenhagen]] to fight undefeated [[International Boxing Organization]] champion [[Brian Nielsen (boxer)|Brian Nielsen]]. Nielsen won by a 12-round split decision to retain the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_r0fAAAAIBAJ&pg=5814,2565902&dq=larry+holmes+brian+nielsen&hl=en|work=Gadsden Times |title=Holmes loses to Nielsen|date=January 25, 1997|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes and [[George Foreman]] signed to fight on January 23, 1999, at the [[Astrodome]] in [[Houston]]. Foreman called off the fight several weeks before it was to take place because the promoter failed to meet the deadline for paying him the remaining $9 million of his $10 million purse. Foreman received a nonrefundable $1 million deposit, and Holmes got to keep a $400,000 down-payment of his $4 million purse.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w_AyAAAAIBAJ&pg=7070,254674&dq=larry+holmes+george+foreman+off&hl=en|work=The Free Lance-Star |title=Holmes–Foreman fight reportedly is off|agency=Associated Press|date=January 2, 1999|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes's next two fights were rematches with old foes. On June 18, 1999, he stopped "Bonecrusher" Smith in eight rounds,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZQVAAAAIBAJ&pg=1826,3223504&dq=larry+holmes+bonecrusher+smith&hl=en|work=Manila Standard |title='Bonecrusher' Smith retires|date=June 26, 1999|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> and on November 17, 2000, he stopped Mike Weaver in six.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iakaAAAAIBAJ&pg=3249,1062302&dq=larry+holmes+mike+weaver&hl=en|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |title=Spotlight|date=November 21, 2000|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

Holmes's final fight was on July 27, 2002, in [[Norfolk, Virginia]], in which he defeated [[Eric Esch|Eric "Butterbean" Esch]] in a 10-round unanimous decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kjYxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1482,8769465&dq=larry+holmes+butterbean&hl=en|work=Lakeland Ledger |title=Holmes Wins|date=July 30, 2002|access-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>