Editing Kragujevac (section)

===Early and medieval===
Over 200 archaeological sites in Šumadija confirm that the region's first human settlement took place around 40,000 years ago during the [[Paleolithic]] era. The Jerina cave, located near the village of [[Gradac, Batočina|Gradac]] in the direction of [[Batočina]], is dated to have been inhabited from around 37,000 [[Before present|BP]] to 27,000 BP. [[Dugout (shelter)|Dugouts]] dated to 5,000 BC have been found in the city's vicinity, in the localities of [[Grivac (Knić)|Grivac]], [[Kusovac]], [[Divostin]], [[Donje Grbice]] and [[Dobrovodica]].<ref name="Politika">{{Citation|author=Brane Kartalović|title=Kragujevac od paleolita do oslobođenja|newspaper=[[Politika]]|page=14|language=sr|date=22 August 2017|url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/387370/Kragujevac-od-paleolita-do-oslobodenja|access-date=23 August 2017|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823162142/http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/387370/Kragujevac-od-paleolita-do-oslobodenja|url-status=live}}</ref> These remains belong to the [[Neolithic]] [[Starčevo culture]], which, in this area, spread along the river valleys of Lepenica and [[Gruža (river)|Gruža]]. The best known artifacts are the fertility figurines called ''Divostinke'' ("Girls from Divostin").<ref>{{cite news | author = Brane Kartalović | title = Neolit u srcu Šumadije | trans-title = Neolithic in the heart of Šumadija | newspaper = Politika | page = 14 | language = sr | date = 29 June 2021 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/482278/Neolit-u-srcu-Sumadije | access-date = 6 July 2021 | archive-date = 4 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210704043324/https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/482278/Neolit-u-srcu-Sumadije | url-status = live }}</ref>

At the time of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] conquest in 9 AD, the territory of the present-day city was largely inhabited by [[Illyrians]] (mainly the [[Dardani]]) and [[Celts]] (the [[Scordisci]]).<ref name="Politika" /> By the late 6th and early 7th centuries, large-scale Slavic raids and settlement began, along with invasions from [[Huns|Hunnic]] and [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] tribes. Later, the area would become part of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]]. With the weakening of both the Bulgarian and [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman]] empires, [[Stefan Nemanja]], Grand Prince of the consolidated [[Serbia in the Middle Ages|medieval Serbian state]], captured the territory between 1198 and 1199. Although it is hypothesized that the current area of the city was densely settled by the time of Stefan Nemanja's conquest, it does not appear in medieval Serbian documents.<ref name="Politika" />

The first written mention of the city was in an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Cadastral surveying|cadastral survey]] (''[[defter]]'') in 1476 after the city's incorporation into the [[Sanjak of Smederevo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TapuTahrirDefteri491|title=Tapu Tahrir Defteri 491: Ottoman government: Free Download & Streaming Internet Archive|year=1569|access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Referred to as 'Kraguyfoça', the settlement, after Ottoman conquest, consisted of a square formerly used as a market with 32 houses. The surrounding region was largely empty; even the forests that once dominated the region had been burned. By the end of the same century, however, the Ottoman administration began to slowly resettle the city's area; by the 1536 cadastral survey, the town had 7 Muslim neighborhoods ([[Mahala|''mahalas'']]) with 56 houses in total, along with a Christian community of 29 houses. On the left bank of the Lepenica, a mosque was erected.<ref name="Politika" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/51.gif|format=GIF|title=Map of the Belgrade Pashaluk|publisher=Terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=29 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929230342/http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/51.gif|url-status=dead}}</ref>