Editing Kołobrzeg (section)

=== Pomeranian stronghold at modern Budzistowo ===

According to Piskorski (1999) and Kempke (2001), Slavic and Lechitic immigration reached [[Farther Pomerania]] in the 7th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Piskorski |first1=Jan Maria|editor1-last=Piskorski|editor1-first=Jan Maria |title=Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten |year=1999 |publisher=Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich |language=de |isbn=978-8390618487 |chapter=Die Urgeschichte (bis zum Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts) |page=29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kempke |first1=Torsten|editor1-last=Harck|editor1-first=Ole|editor2-last=Lübke|editor2-first=Christian |title=Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997 |year=2001 |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |language=de |isbn=3-515-07671-9 |chapter=Skandinavisch-slawische Kontakte an der südlichen Ostseeküste |page=15}}</ref> First Slavic settlements in the vicinity of Kołobrzeg were centered around nearby deposits of salt and date to 6th and 7th century.<ref name=zardziej>Tadeusz Gasztold, Hieronim Kroczyński, Hieronim Rybicki, Kołobrzeg: zarys dziejów, Wydaw. Poznańskie, 1979, {{ISBN|83-210-0072-X}}, p.8</ref><ref name="Kalendarium">[http://serwis.kolobrzeg.eu/historia_kalendarium.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927034919/http://serwis.kolobrzeg.eu/historia_kalendarium.htm|date=27 September 2009}} Historic calendar of the city's Official webpage</ref>

In the late 9th century, the [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranian]] tribes erected a [[Grad (Slavic settlement)|fortified settlement]] at the site of modern part of Kołobrzeg county called [[Budzistowo]]<ref name=Schich>Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft: Gesammelte Beiträge 1977 bis 1999 zur Geschichte der Zisterzienser und der "[[Germania Slavica]]", BWV Verlag, 2007, p.280, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> near modern Kołobrzeg,<ref name=Koebler341>Gerhard Köbler, ''Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart'', 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.341, {{ISBN|3-406-54986-1}}</ref> replacing nearby [[Bardy-Świelubie]], a multi-ethnic emporium, as the center of the region.<ref name=Harck1516>Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, pp.15,16, {{ISBN|3-515-07671-9}}</ref> The [[Parseta]] valley, where both the emporium and the stronghold were located, was one of the [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranians]]' core settlement areas.<ref>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.263, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> The stronghold consisted of a fortified [[burgh]] with a suburbium.<ref name=Mueller>Eckhard Müller-Mertens, Heidelore Böcker, ''Konzeptionelle Ansätze der Hanse-Historiographie'', Porta Alba, 2003, p.133, {{ISBN|3-933701-06-6}}</ref><ref>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.277, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref>

The [[Pomeranians (tribe)|Pomeranians]] mined salt<ref name=Jarnut282/> in salt pans located in two downstream hills.<ref name=Jarnut278>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.278, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref><ref name="townwebsiteoccupation">[http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58:epoki-historyczne&catid=37:historia&Itemid=78] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227232418/http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58:epoki-historyczne&catid=37:historia&Itemid=78|date=27 December 2010}} 'Historical eras' Official webpage of the city: The local Slavic population engaged in fishery, salt trade and various crafts.</ref> They also engaged in fishing, and used the salt to conserve foodstuffs, primarily [[herring]], for trade.<ref name=townwebsiteoccupation/><ref name=Jarnut274>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.274, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> Other important occupations were [[metallurgy]] and [[smithery]], based on local iron ore reserves, other crafts like the production of combs from horn, and in the surrounding areas, agriculture.<ref name=townwebsiteoccupation/><ref name=Jarnut289>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.289, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> Important sites in the settlement were a place for periodical markets and a tavern, mentioned as ''forum et taberna'' in 1140.<ref name=Jarnut282/>

In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Budzistowo stronghold was the largest of several smaller ones in the Persante area, and as such is thought to have functioned as the center of the local [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranian]] subtribe.<ref name=Jarnut289/> By the turn from the 10th to the 11th century, the smaller burghs in the Parseta area were given up.<ref name=Jarnut289/> With the area coming under the control of the Polish Duke [[Mieszko I]], only two strongholds remained and underwent an enlargement, the one at Budzistowo and a predecessor of later [[Białogard]].<ref name=Jarnut289/> These developments were most likely associated with the establishment of Polish power over this part of the Baltic coast. In the 10th century, the trade of salt and fish led to the development of the settlement into a town.<ref name="Epoki">{{cite web |url=http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/epoki-historyczne |title=Epoki Historyczne |website=Miasto Kołobrzeg |access-date=21 March 2020 |language=pl}}</ref>