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Karplus–Strong string synthesis
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== Refinements to the algorithm == Due to its plucked-string sound in certain modes, [[Alex Strong]] and [[Kevin Karplus]] conjectured that the Karplus-Strong (KS) algorithm was in some sense a vibrating string simulation, and they worked on showing that it solved the wave equation for the vibrating string, but this was not completed.<ref name=KarplusStrong1983>{{harvnb|Karplus|Strong|1983}}</ref> [[Julius O. Smith III]] [http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/] recognized that the transfer-function of the KS, when viewed as a digital filter, coincided with that of a vibrating string, with the filter in the feedback loop representing the total string losses over one period.<ref name=Smith1983>{{Smith|1983}}</ref> He later derived the KS algorithm as a special case of [[digital waveguide synthesis]], which was used to model acoustic waves in strings, tubes, and membranes. The first set of extensions and generalizations of the Karplus-Strong Algorithm, typically known as the Extended Karplus-Strong (EKS) Algorithm, was presented in a paper in 1982 at the International Computer Music Conference in Venice, Italy,{{Citation needed|reason=Why not give the reference? My guess would be "Synthesis of Bowed Strings" by Smith, but there could be a Jaffe-Smith paper on this as well in that proceedings|date=June 2021}} and published in more detail in 1983 in Computer Music Journal in an article entitled "Extensions of the Karplus Strong Plucked String Algorithm," by David A. Jaffe and Julius O. Smith,<ref name=JaffeSmith1983>{{harvnb|Jaffe|Smith|1983}}</ref> and in Smith's PhD/EE dissertation.<ref name=Smith1983>{{Smith|1983}}</ref> [[Alex Strong]] developed a superior [[Table-lookup synthesis|wavetable]]-modification method for plucked-string synthesis, but only published it as a patent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Alexander+R.+Strong|title=inventor:(Alexander R. Strong)|website=Google Patents|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>{{Clarify|reason=Which of these patents?|date=July 2019}}
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