Editing Kampala (section)

===19th century===
The first written description of this ''Kibuga'' (capital) was by the explorer [[Sir Richard Burton]] in his book, ''The Lake Region of East Africa'', published in 1860. In the book, Burton, relying on the information collected by Snay Bin Amir, an Arab trader, described the ''Kibuga'' as:

{{Blockquote|text=…the settlement is not less than a [[day's journey]] in length, the buildings are of cane and rattan. The sultan's (Kabaka) palace is at least a mile long and the circular huts neatly arranged in a line are surrounded by a strong fence which has only four gates.}}

In 1862, when explorer [[John Speke]] arrived in Buganda, the ''Kibuga'' (capital) was at Bandabarogo, present-day [[Banda, Uganda|Banda Hill]], and the reigning ''Kabaka'' (King) was [[Mutesa I of Buganda|Mutesa&nbsp;I]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/journaldiscover02spekgoog/page/n280 | title=Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile| publisher=Harper| year=1864}}</ref>

In 1875, explorer [[Henry Morton Stanley]] reported the capital as being at present-day [[Lubaga]] Hill, where he met the same ''Kabaka'', {{nowrap|Mutesa I.}}
During this visit, Stanley wrote a letter that was published in ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', inviting missionaries to come to Buganda. He also described the ''Kibuga'' in his 1870s dispatches to ''[[The New York Herald]]'', thus:

{{Blockquote|text=As we approached the capital, the highway from Usavara [Busabala] increased in width from {{convert|20|ft|m|0|abbr=in|disp=sqbr|sp=us}} to {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=in|disp=sqbr|sp=us|round=5}}...Arrived at the capital I found the vast collection of huts crowning the eminence were the Royal Quarters, around which ran several palisades and circular courts, between which and the city was a circular road, ranging from {{convert|100|ft|m|0|abbr=in|disp=sqbr|sp=us}} to {{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=in|disp=sqbr|sp=us|round=5}}  in width with gardens and huts...|source=Bennet, N.R. (ed.) ''Stanley's Dispatches to the New York Herald'', 1871–1872, 1874–1877, Boston, 1970.}}

In 1877, the first missionaries from the [[Church Mission Society]], who were of the Protestant faith, arrived from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and were allocated [[Namirembe Hill]]. Two years later, in 1879, the Catholic [[White Fathers]] also arrived, first settling at the present-day village of Kitebi near Lubaga; subsequently, they would be allocated [[Lubaga]] Hill. The arrival of these two missionary groups laid the ground for the religious wars of 1888 to 1892 between their new converts and forced the missionaries from [[Great Britain]] to then lobby for the British government to take over Buganda/Uganda as a protectorate.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

In 1890, [[Frederick Lugard]], an agent of the [[Imperial British East Africa Company]], arrived in Buganda during the reign of [[Mwanga II of Buganda|Kabaka Mwanga&nbsp;II]], with whom he signed a treaty of protection by the British government over Buganda, and the ''Kibuga'' (capital) was located at [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo]] Hill. [[Captain (British Army)|Captain]] Lugard would, later on, be allocated the Kampala hill that would soon be known as [[Old Kampala]], and on which he built a fort.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Monteith |first=William |date=11 December 2017 |title=Markets and monarchs: indigenous urbanism in postcolonial Kampala |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2017.1409402 |journal=Settler Colonial Studies |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=247–265 |doi=10.1080/2201473X.2017.1409402|s2cid=158135082 }}</ref>

In 1895, [[Mengo Senior School]], the first school offering Western education in Kampala, was opened by the [[Church Missionary Society]] at [[Namirembe hill]], where mostly the children of chiefs and pages of the royal palaces were students.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

In 1897, Mwanga launched a rebellion but was defeated and was subsequently captured and [[exile]]d, in 1899, to [[the Seychelles]] alongside Omukama [[Kabalega]], and his 3-year-old son was made ''[[Kabaka]]'' by the combined forces of the European officers leading Nubian and Baganda [[Colonial troops|colonial soldiers]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/1370466-1379638-14dfxax/index.html|title=The betrayal and capture of Mwanga and Kabalega|website=Daily Monitor|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> This state of affairs later culminated in the signing of the [[Buganda Agreement (1900)]] that formalised British colonial rule in Buganda.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Also in 1897, Kampala's first Western-style health facility, [[Mengo Hospital]], was opened on [[Namirembe]] hill by British doctor and missionary [[Albert Ruskin Cook|Sir Albert Ruskin Cook]]. In addition, Sir Albert Ruskin Cook founded [[Mulago Hospital]], the current National Referral Hospital, at [[Mulago]] hill in 1913.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MULAGO NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL - |url=https://mulagohospital.go.ug/#:~:text=Mulago%20National%20Referral%20Hospital%20(MNRH,for%20tertiary%20healthcare%20in%20Uganda. |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=mulagohospital.go.ug}}</ref>

In 1899, the [[Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa]] founded [[Lubaga Hospital]] on [[Lubaga]] Hill.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}