Editing KHAD (section)

===KhAD (1980-1986)===

KhAD was created on 10 January 1980<ref>https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2009/mar/afghanistan-ukba-c-of-origin-report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> and was officially announced by President [[Babrak Karmal]], with 1,200 personnel inside the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan]] who took over intelligence responsibilities from KAM in December 1979, with most of them being pro-[[Parchamite|Parchamites]]. The group was known as “the activists”<ref>https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2009/mar/afghanistan-ukba-c-of-origin-report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> and was active until March 1980,<ref name="UNHCRR"/> being initially headed by [[Mohammad Najibullah]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-19-op-5929-story.html|title=Moscow's Man in Kabul Crucial to Soviet Pullouts|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=19 October 1986}}</ref> alongside Dr. Baha<ref name="UNHCRR"/> who worked on establishing the structure that would later be referred to as KhAD. 

After [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet troops were deployed]] in Afghanistan, KhAD was expanded with Moscow's assistance, which includes sophisticated torture equipment.<ref name="AIA"/> Najibullah took the opportunity of his post to rise within the PDPA before Major-General Ghulam Faruq Yaqubi took over KhAD duties in November 1985.<ref name="NMFAK"/>
Soviet advisors were known to work alongside KhAD personnel and major decisions are not made without their input.<ref name="UNHCRR"/> In some instances, KhAD agents accompanied KGB Kaskad (Cascade) operators on anti-mujahideen infiltration ops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sofrep.com/news/russia-guerilla-sof-kaskad/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210304123123/https://sofrep.com/news/russia-guerilla-sof-kaskad/|archive-date = 4 March 2021|title = Russian Guerilla SOF: KASKAD - Putin's Foreign Legion of Hybrid Warfighters|date = 4 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Oliker |first=Olga |date=2011-10-13 |title=Building Afghanistan's Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1078.html|publisher=[[Rand Corporation]] |language=en}}</ref> KhAD personnel were also authorised to use any strategies necessary to ensure they did not disclose their identities as officers of the agency, as a former KhAD advisor stated that Pakistanis did not want to capture KhAD [[Special forces|Special Forces]] operatives alive.<ref>https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2009/mar/afghanistan-ukba-c-of-origin-report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011/RAND_MG1078.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> During an attack on army bases in Keran Valley led by [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] in 1987, a base consisting of 200 soldiers immediately fell whereas 16 KhAD operatives continued to fight to their deaths for six hours. In the aftermath, two leaders committed [[suicide]] and one agent was killed which led to 13 operatives finally surrendering.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=KhAD 4 |url=http://mackenzieproductions.com/KhAD_4.html |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=mackenzieproductions.com}}</ref>

The agency's manpower increased from 1,200 to nearly 70,000 personnel.<ref name="auto"/> KhAD was able to turn some mujahideen groups to work with the PDPA by providing incentives such as small arms or money in return for their loyalty by attending [[Jirga|loya jirgas]] and other pro-PDPA activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/essay.html|title = Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War}}</ref><ref name="auto" />

They've worked with the [[KGB]] to fund and assist Murtaza Bhutto for his involvement in the hijacking of [[Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326]] and with Baluchistan and Sind dissidents, according to files obtained by [[Vasili Mitrokhin]] from KGB files.<ref name="WP">{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/02/24/spies-lies-and-the-distortion-of-history/7469fae7-4859-495b-959d-42eccdb38fbe/| title = Spies, Lies and the Distortion of History - The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> KhAD’s infiltration of various mujahideen groups did help to contribute to some of the infighting.<ref name="WP"/><ref name="auto"/> KhAD operatives additionally attempted to assassinate [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] in 1987, using a remote-controlled car bomb and wounding two of his bodyguards. Other operations included the kidnapping of one of Massoud’s five brothers in Peshawar, as well as sending KhAD assassination teams (paid in the equivalent of thousands of [[Dollar|dollars]]) into [[Panjshir Province]] to assassinate [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]].<ref name=":2" />

The 1986 [[National Reconciliation (Afghanistan)|National Reconciliation Act]], enacted by President [[Mohammad Najibullah]], meant that the powers of individual KhAD officers were reduced and they would have to consult with local police forces, ''shuras'', and the provincial and district offices of the attorney general if they wanted to make any arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Note on the Structure and Operation of the KhAD/WAD in Afghanistan 1978-1992 |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/unhcr/2008/en/58178 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Emblem of the KHAD (1980-1987).svg|thumb|208x208px|WAD emblem from 1980 to 1987]]