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===1601β1900=== *[[1607]] – Virginia Colonists finished building [[Jamestown, Virginia|James's Fort]], to defend against Spanish and Indian attacks.<ref>{{cite book|first=Clifton|last=Daniel|title=Chronicle of America|publisher=Chronicle publication|year=1989|page=46|isbn=0-13-133745-9}}</ref> *[[1648]] – [[Margaret Jones (Puritan midwife)|Margaret Jones]] is hanged in [[Boston]] for [[witchcraft]] in the first such execution for the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]. *[[1667]] – The first human [[blood transfusion]] is administered by Dr. [[Jean-Baptiste Denys]]. *[[1670]] – The first stone of [[Fort Ricasoli]] is laid down in Malta. *[[1752]] – [[Benjamin Franklin]] proves that [[lightning]] is [[electricity]] (traditional date, the exact date is unknown). *[[1776]] – Delaware Separation Day: [[Delaware]] votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from [[Pennsylvania]]. *[[1800]] – The [[Provisional Army of the United States]] is dissolved. *[[1804]] – [[New Hampshire]] approves the [[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], ratifying the document. *[[1808]] – [[Joseph Bonaparte]] becomes [[King of Spain]]. *[[1834]] – The [[1834 looting of Safed|looting of Safed]] commences.<ref name="bloch">{{Cite book |last=Bloch |first=Abraham P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjxJAFawRasC&pg=PA168 |title=One a Day: An Anthology of Jewish Historical Anniversaries for Every Day of the Year |date=1987 |publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc. |isbn=978-0-88125-108-1 |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1836]] – [[Arkansas]] is admitted as the 25th [[U.S. state]]. *[[1844]] – [[Charles Goodyear]] receives a [[patent]] for [[vulcanization]], a process to strengthen [[rubber]]. *[[1846]] – The [[Oregon Treaty]] extends the border between the United States and [[British North America]], established by the [[Treaty of 1818]], westward to the Pacific Ocean. *[[1859]] – Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "[[Pig War (1859)|Northwestern Boundary Dispute]]" between American and British/Canadian settlers. *[[1864]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[Second Battle of Petersburg]] begins. * 1864 – [[Arlington National Cemetery]] is established when {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of the Arlington estate (formerly owned by the family of Confederate General [[Robert E. Lee]]) are officially set aside as a military [[cemetery]] by [[United States Secretary of War|U.S. Secretary of War]] [[Edwin M. Stanton]].<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Harrow|first=Robert Jr.|title=The Quartermaster: Montgomery C. Meigs, Lincoln's General, Master Builder of the Union Army|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2016|isbn=9781451671926|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2c6DwAAQBAJ|pages=206β207, 282|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Poole|first=Robert M.|title=On Hallowed Ground: The Story of Arlington National Cemetery|location=New York|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|date=2010|isbn=9780802715494|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ec-mCAAAQBAJ|page=281}}</ref> *[[1877]] – [[Henry Ossian Flipper]] becomes the first [[African American]] cadet to graduate from the [[United States Military Academy]].<ref>{{cite book|title=El Campanario|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2cLAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Texas Old Missions and Forts Restoration Association|page=17}}</ref> *[[1878]] – [[Eadweard Muybridge]] takes [[Sallie Gardner at a Gallop|a series of photographs]] to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of [[film|motion pictures]]. *[[1888]] – Crown Prince [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm]] becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the [[German Empire]]. Due to the death of his predecessors [[William I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]] and [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]], 1888 is the [[Year of the Three Emperors]]. *[[1896]] – [[1896 Sanriku earthquake|One of the deadliest tsunamis]] in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=Brett L. |title=A Concise History of Japan |date=26 February 2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00418-4 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGt2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 |language=en}}</ref>
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