Editing July 9 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Bohemia]] is granted [[freedom of religion]] through the [[Letter of Majesty]] by the Holy Roman Emperor, [[Rudolf II]].
*[[1701]] &ndash; A [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] force under [[Nicolas Catinat]] withdraws from a smaller [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] force under [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] in the [[Battle of Carpi]].
*[[1745]] &ndash; French victory in the [[Battle of Melle]] allows them to capture [[Ghent]] in the days after.
*[[1755]] &ndash; The [[Braddock Expedition]] is [[Battle of the Monongahela|soundly defeated]] by a smaller French and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] force in its attempt to capture [[Fort Duquesne]] in what is now [[downtown Pittsburgh]].
*[[1762]] &ndash; [[Catherine the Great]] becomes Empress of Russia following the coup against her husband, [[Peter III of Russia|Peter III]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://factsanddetails.com/russia/History/sub9_1b/entry-4938.html|title=CATHERINE THE GREAT {{!}} Facts and Details|last=Hays|first=Jeffrey|website=factsanddetails.com|access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref> 
*[[1763]] &ndash; The [[Mozart family grand tour]] of Europe began, lifting the profile of son [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Stanley Sadie|last= Sadie|first= Stanley|title= Mozart: The Early Years, 1756&ndash;1781|publisher= W.W. Norton & Co|location= New York|year= 2006|isbn= 0-393-06112-4|url= https://archive.org/details/mozartearlyyears00sadi|page=37}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[George Washington]] orders the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] to be read out to members of the [[Continental Army]] in [[Manhattan]], while thousands of British troops on [[Staten Island]] prepare for the [[Battle of Long Island]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Immerwahr |first1=Daniel |title=Did George Washington Burn New York? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/03/george-washington-burn-new-york-great-fire-1776/672780/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |magazine=The Atlantic |volume=331 |issue=2 |date=31 January 2023 |page=74|url-access=subscription |issn=1072-7825}}</ref>
*[[1789]] &ndash; In [[Versailles, Yvelines|Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] and begins preparations for a [[Constitution of France|French constitution]].
*[[1790]] &ndash; The [[Swedish Navy]] [[Battle of Svensksund|captures one third]] of the [[Russian Navy|Russian Baltic fleet]].
*[[1793]] &ndash; The [[Act Against Slavery]] in [[Upper Canada]] bans the importation of slaves and will free those who are born into slavery after the passage of the Act at 25 years of age.
*[[1795]] &ndash; Financier [[James Swan (financier)|James Swan]] pays off the $2,024,899 US national debt that had been accrued during the [[American Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofswansis00smal/page/52 |title=A History of Swan's Island, Maine |last=Small |first=Herman Wesley |year=1898 |via=Internet Archive |location=[[Ellsworth, Maine]] |publisher=Hancock County Publishing Co. |page=52 |oclc=1020004}}</ref>
*[[1807]] &ndash; The second [[Treaties of Tilsit|Treaty of Tilsit]] is signed between [[First French Empire|France]] and [[Prussia]], ending the [[War of the Fourth Coalition]].
*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Napoleon]] annexes the [[Kingdom of Holland]] as part of the First French Empire.
*[[1811]] &ndash; Explorer [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] posts a sign near what is now [[Sacajawea State Park]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington state]], claiming the [[Columbia District]] for the United Kingdom.
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord]] becomes the first [[Prime Minister of France]].
*[[1816]] &ndash; [[Argentina]] [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|declares independence]] from Spain.
*[[1821]] &ndash; Four hundred and seventy prominent [[Cyprus|Cypriots]] including Archbishop [[Kyprianos]] are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the [[Greek War of Independence]].
*[[1850]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Zachary Taylor]] dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk; he is succeeded in office by Vice President [[Millard Fillmore]].
*  1850   &ndash; Persian prophet [[Báb]] is executed in [[Tabriz]], [[Iran|Persia]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Siege of Port Hudson]] ends in a [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] victory and, along with the [[Siege of Vicksburg|fall of Vicksburg]] five days earlier, gives the Union complete control of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Siege of Port Hudson: "Forty Days and Nights in the Wilderness of Death" (Teaching with Historic Places)|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-siege-of-port-hudson-forty-days-and-nights-in-the-wilderness-of-death-teaching-with-historic-places.htm|publisher=National Park Service|date=May 8, 2023|access-date=May 17, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1868]] &ndash; The [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th Amendment to the United States Constitution]] is ratified, guaranteeing [[African Americans]] full citizenship and all persons in the United States [[due process]] of law.
*[[1875]] &ndash; The [[Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77)|Herzegovina Uprising]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
*[[1877]] &ndash; The [[1877 Wimbledon Championship|inaugural]] [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon Championships]] begins.
*[[1893]] &ndash; [[Daniel Hale Williams]], American heart surgeon, performs the first successful open-heart surgery in United States without anesthesia.
*[[1896]] &ndash; [[William Jennings Bryan]] delivers his [[Cross of Gold speech]] advocating [[bimetallism]] at the [[1896 Democratic National Convention]] in [[Chicago]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; The [[Federation of Australia]] is given [[royal assent]].
*  1900   &ndash; The Governor of [[Shanxi]] province in [[North China]] orders the [[Taiyuan massacre|execution]] of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.